Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 365 



Baltic, Norway- or Riga-deals are obtained from this pine, as well 

 as a large portion of the European pine-tar and pitch. A kind of 

 vanillin is prepared from the cambium-sap of this pine. Its cones 

 have come into use for tanning in France. Proves adapted even 

 for the drier parts of Victoria, but here in the lowlands apt to take 

 blight. Maximum rate of growth in Nebraska, according to 

 Governor Furnas (in Prof. Median's Gardeners' Monthly), 3 feet 

 stem-circumference at 2 feet from the ground in 10 years. The 

 leaves of pines can be well converted into material for pillows and 

 mattresses, with the great recommendation of healthfulness for 

 such a purpose. All fir-forests are antimiasmatic and salubrious 

 for hectic patients, in consequence of the di-oxyde of hydrogen 

 evolved from their terebinthine emanations. The annual impor- 

 tation of tar and resin from coniferse into Britain approached 

 recently one million sterling in value, of which P. silvestris must 

 have contributed a large share. Consult also on various coniferous 

 trees London's classic " Arboretum." 



Pinus Sitkensis, Eongard.* (P. Menziesii, Douglas.) 



North-Western America, extending also to Kamtschatka, Amur 

 and Japan. Has grown in the south of New Zealand to 30 feet in 

 15 years [Th. Waugh]. Has there done best among the spruces. 

 The Blue Spruce of California, also called Tideland- Spruce, ascend- 

 ing to elevations of 9 000 feet ; of rapid growth in congenial soil. 

 A very handsome tree, which furnishes soft, light, pale and fine- 

 grained timber, used largely for piles [Dr. Gibbons]. It thrives 

 best in moist ground. According to Prof. Brewer, instances are on 

 record of trees having attained a height of over 300 feet, and a 

 stem of 7 feet in diameter at 100 feet from the base. From an 

 exceptionally large tree 100,000 shingles were obtained, besides 58 

 cords of wood. 



Pinus Smithiania, Lambert. (P. Khutrow, Royle.) 



Himalaya-mountains, at elevations frem 6,000 to 11,000 feet, 

 extending to Afghanistan and to China. This spruce, known 

 vernacularly also as Kutro- or Morinda- Spruce, attains a height of 

 150 feet, and the stem a girth of 21 feet. The wood is pale, even 

 and straight- grained, but only durable under shelter ; for inside- 

 work greatly in use. Hardy in Middle Europe. 



Pinus Strobus, Linne.* 



Weymouth-Pine or American White Pine. North-Eastern 

 America, growing on any soil, but particularly adapted for deep, 

 rich ground in mountain-valleys ; known to reach a height of 270 

 feet, with a stem as much as 8 feet in diameter. It is the principal 

 pine of the lumber-trade of the Eastern States. One of the finest 

 among ornamental conifers. Of comparatively quick growth, but 

 with little tolerance to drought [Hon. N. J. Colman]. The wood is 

 soft, whitish or yellowish, light, free from knots, almost without resin 



