398 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and ; 



is also in this instance most handy. Koch traces some sorts of 

 cultivated apples to P. pumila (Miller) of South- Western Asia ; as 

 other original forms he notes the P. dasyphylla (Borkhausen), P. 

 silvestris and P. prunifolia (Willdenow) of Middle and Western 

 Asia. This tree is one of longevity ; Mr. H. C. Hovey gives records 

 of an apple-tree in Connecticut, which at the age of 175 years 

 measured about 14 feet in circumference at 3 feet from the ground, 

 the diameter of the top of the tree being over 100 feet. In Prof. 

 Meehan's Gardener's Monthly is a record of the fecundity of an 

 apple-tree in New England, given by Mr. W. S. Platt, of Cheshire ; 

 its eight branches spread over six rods, and five of the branches 

 bore in one year over 100 bushels of apples, the bearing taking 

 place alternately with the other three branches. The tree fruits 

 still at Mysore, but there the trees remain of stunted growth [J. 

 Cameron] . Ananas and Apples bear fruit alongside each other at 

 the tropic of Capricorn in East- Australia [Edgar]. Orchards, par- 

 ticularly also of apple-trees have been formed in sandy heath-ground 

 with the best results. Apple-trees will endure the winters of 

 Norway to lat. 65 28 ' [Professor Schuebeler]. Quite recently an 

 apple without any core and seeds was brought under notice by Mr. 

 Marylander, of Baltimore. It originated in Virginia. The tree is a 

 rich bearer, although the flowers are never properly developed 

 except the ovulary ; the fruit is of excellent taste, yellowish 

 throughout, and reminds of the Golden Pearmain. In Europe apple- 

 trees and other fruit-trees are occasionally bored by the Scolytus 

 destructor. One of the best methods, to ward off the two kinds of 

 codlin-moth from apple-trees and other fruit-trees, consists in tying 

 rags from baggings loosely around the base of the stem, as the 

 larvae w r ill seek shelter therein, and may thus be captured in large 

 numbers ; loose bark infested should be removed. Mr. C. French, 

 Government Entomologist for Victoria, recommends spraying with 

 a solution of 1 Ib. London Purple (which contains, however, a larger 

 percentage of arsenic) in 100 or 150 gallons of water, as soon as the 

 fruit begins to form. In his valuable Handbook of Destructive Insects 

 he also gives descriptions and illustrations of different spray-pumps. 

 One of the remedies to subdue the troublesome " Aphis " of the 

 apple-tree, caused by the Schizoneura lanigera, is gas-lime [W. G. 

 Klee] ; further Paris-green sprayed early in the season ; according 

 to Mr. James Roberts, an application late in autumn of a solution 

 of sulphate of copper (similar in strength to that used for dressing 

 seed-grain of cereals against smut) to the roots of the apple-tree 

 or even the pounded sulphate of copper simply scattered on the 

 ground under the tree. The strength of the solution to be employed 

 is 4 Ibs. to a cask of water. More generally known as efficient is 

 the use of kerosene-emulsion, or dissolved whaleoil- or resin-soap 

 against apple-blight, applied by direct contact thoroughly and 

 repeatedly to the affected portions of the tree. Good service renders 

 in this respect a dressing of the roots with strongly ammoniacal 

 manures. A few varieties of apples resist Aphis ; notably the 

 varieties known as Northern Spy and Winter Majetin [C. French]. 



