Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 401 



Quercus aquatica, Walter. 



North- America. Height of tree often 60 feet ; it furnishes a 

 superior bark for tanning. This oak should be chosen for planting 

 in wet ground or for bordering streams, It is of remarkably quick 

 growth. Although the wood is not of much value, yet the tree is a 

 great favorite as a shade-tree, being of rapid growth and fine out- 

 line. Prof. C. Koch identified this with the true Q. nigra of Linne. 



Quercus Ballota, Desfontaines. 



Countries at the Mediterranean Sea. Regarded by P. P. Webb, 

 Wilkomm and Lange as specifically distinct in its characteristics 

 from Q. Ilex, being also of a more delicate constitution. The 

 Ballota-acorns form really a considerable share of agreeable table- 

 fruits in the countries of their nativity [Dr. R. Prior]. Much 

 used for feeding swine and working cattle, for the latter considered 

 as good as oats [Campbell]. 



Quercus bicolor, Willdenow. 



Southern White Oak. South-Eastern States of North-America. 

 Closely allied to Q. Prinus, but vernacularly distinguished as 

 Basket-Oak ; it thrives best in deep, damp forest-soil, and is 

 regarded as the most important hardwood-tree in the Gulf -region ; 

 will endure flooding ; height reaching 120 feet, stem-length to 70 

 feet. The growth comparatively slow ; wood similar in applicability 

 to that of the white oak heavy, hard, tough and very strong, very 

 durable in contact with water [B. E. Fernow] ; it is split readily 

 into thin strips of great strength and flexibility for rough baskets 

 [Dr. C. Mohr]. 



Quercus calliprinos, Webb. 



Eastern Countries at the Mediterranean Sea. To this species 

 belongs the sacred huge Abraham's Oak. 



Quercus Castanea, Nee. 



The Mexican Chestnut-Oak. Evergreen. It furnishes edible 

 acorns. 



Quercus Cerris, Linne. 



Moss-cupped or Turkey-Oak. Southern Europe, South-Western 

 Asia. Hardy still at Christiania. Of the height of the English 

 oak ; in suitable localities of quick growth. The foliage deciduous 

 or also evergreen or nearly so. The wood available for wheel- 

 wrights, cabinet-makers, turners, coopers, also for builders generally. 

 It is still firmer and harder than that of the British oak ; the sap- 

 wood larger, the heartwood of a more saturated brown, and the 

 large rays more numerous, giving it a most varied and beautiful 

 wainscot-grain [Sir D. Brandis, Prof. C. Koch]. 



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