4lO Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Quercus Snber, Linne.* 



The Cork-Oak of South-Europe and North-Africa. It is ever- 

 green and attains an age of fully two hundred years. Hardy in 

 the lowlands of England, also at Arran. Does not exhaust the 

 soil. After about twenty years it can be stripped of its bark every 

 six or seven years ; but the best cork is obtained from trees over 

 forty years old. Height of the tree finally about 40 feet. Acorns 

 of sweetish taste. Mr. W. Robinson found that young cork-oaks, 

 obtained from the writer, made a growth of 4 feet yearly in the 

 humid Western Port-district of Victoria. About 6,000 tons of 

 cork-bark, at a value of 287,000, were exported merely from 

 Algeria in 1878, and about the same in 1880, chiefly from private 

 forests [Major F. Bailey]. The import of cork-bark during 1887 

 into Victoria was 37 tons, valued 1,432 ; of ready corks 242,647 

 Ibs., valued at 23,313. The total value of manufactured and raw 

 cork imported during 1886 into Britain was 644,182. It is 

 calculated that 4,000 millions of corks are required annually now, 

 for which we have no substitute. The bark of Q. pseudosuber 

 (Santi) is inferor for cork, but the closely-allied Q. occidentals 

 (Gray), which is hardier than Q, Suber, produces also an excellent 

 cork-bark. 



Quercus Sundaica, Blume. 



Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Penang, Perak, Malacca. Height to 

 100 feet, but not reaching high altitudes, and therefore perhaps 

 shy to frost. The occurrence of oaks on the north-western 

 mountains of New Guinea has been demonstrated by Dr. Beccari ; 

 several have been discovered also there in the British territory ; 

 hence, in all probability, additional valuable evergreen species will 

 be obtainable thence for our arboreta and forests. 



Quercus Tozae, Bosc. 



South-Europe. One of the handsomest oaks, and one of the 

 quickest in growth. Will live in sandy soil and emits suckers. It 

 furnishes superior tanners' bark. 



Quercus undulata, Torrey. 



From California and Arizona to the Rocky Mountains. The 

 acorns are sweet and edible. Q. Gambelii (Nuttall) is an allied 

 but distinct species [Prof. Green]. 



Quercus virens, Linne.* 



The Live-Oak of North-America, extending northward only to 

 Virginia, occurring also in Mexico. One of the hardiest of the 

 evergreen species, and among congeners in the United States the 

 quickest in growth [Fernow]. Likes a coast-climate and a soil rich 

 in mould. Becomes 60 feet high, with a stem sometimes to 9 feet 

 in diameter. Supplies a most valuable timber for ship-building ; 

 it is heavy, compact, fine-grained ; it is moreover the strongest and 



