Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 425 



colored flower-buds of this species are particularly chosen for 

 drying, the calyx removed. These however may be got also from 

 other kinds of roses. 



Rosa Indica, Linne. (R. Sinica, Linne.; R. Chinensis, Jacqtiin.) 



China, thence brought to India. Can be cultivated in the open 

 air of Western Europe to lat. 67 86' [Schuebeler]. The "Hybrid 

 Perpetuals " are largely traceable to this plant. Flowering time 

 of long duration annually. Some roses of the sweetest scent are 

 derived from this species. R. fragrans (Redoute), the Tea-Rose, 

 is a variety. The Noisette-Rose is a cross of this and R. moschata. 

 How amazingly lucrative sometimes the growth of ornamental 

 Roses may become, has lately been exemplified by the " Five 

 Thousand Dollars Rose," a cross between the variety " President " 

 and Rose Xavier Olibo, reared by Mr. F. W. Bennett, of Stapleford. 

 Attention is drawn by Mr. R. Brandt to the quick growth and very 

 early flowering of the Bennett-Rose, also to the stability of the 

 flowers. 



Rosa Isevig-ata, Michaux. (R. Sinica, Murray, not of Linne.) 



The Cherokee-Rose. China and Japan. Considered one of the 

 best hedge-roses, and for that purpose much employed in North- 

 America, It serves well also for bowers. Allied to the foregoing 

 species. The lovely garden- favorite, R. Banksise (R. Brown), also 

 indigenous to China and perhaps Japan, is one of the best for 

 arbours and for covering walls. 



Rosa xnoschata, "Miller.* 



North- Africa and South-Asia, ascending the Indian and Abys- 

 sinian mountains to 11,000 feet. Blooming all the year round in 

 warm climes, but more profusely in the cool season. From the 

 flowers of this extremely tall climbing species also essential oil is 

 obtained. The attar thus derived from roses of not only different 

 varities, but even distinct species, must necessarily be of various 

 quality. In the Balkan-mountains, on basalt- slopes facing south, 

 the most odorous roses are produced. At Kezanlik rose-distillation 

 is the main-industry. Shoots of rose-bushes are placed in trenches 

 3 feet deep and 5 feet apart. Irrigation promotes the growth. 

 The gathering commences in the third and lasts till about the 

 fifteenth year [Simmonds]. The pure oil as a European commodity 

 is worth from 20 to 23 per pound. This is also the rose, accord- 

 ing to Schlagintweit, used for attar-distillation in Tunis. Pure 

 attar, valued at 30 shillings per ounce, is produced in Roumelia to- 

 the amount of 80,000 annually [Piesse]. 



Rosa rug-osa, Thunberg-. 



Japan and Kamtschatka, there thriving even in coast-sand- 

 Bears the most severe of frost ; forms copious suckers for multi- 

 plication. The pleniflorous variety also of this Rose serves for 

 scent-distillation [M. Wobst]. 



