Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Gauntries. 429 



Rubus ellipticus, Smith.* (R. flavus, Hamilton.) 



On the mountains of India, from 4,000 to 7,000 feet elevation, 

 also in Ceylon and Yunan. A large rather erect bush with yellow 

 fruits, which are reckoned in flavor fully equal to the ordinary 

 raspberry [C. B. Clarke]. 



Rubus truticosus. Limn-.* 



The ordinary Blackberry-Bramble. All Europe, North- and 

 South-Africa, Middle and Northern Asia. Hardy in Norway to 

 lat. 60 24 '. The shrub bears well in a temperate clime. It likes 

 above all calcareous soil, though it is content with almost any, and 

 deserves to be naturalised on the rivulets of any ranges. In some 

 countries it is a favorite plant for hedges. A Melbourne horticul- 

 tural firm spends now already 100 a year for purchasing bramble- 

 leaves as part material of bouquets, wreaths, garlands and grave- 

 crosses. R. corylifolius (Smith), R. suberectus (Andrews) and R. 

 leucostachys (Smith) are varieties like many other named kinds of 

 European blackberries, or perhaps belong to the closely allied R. 

 caesius ; or in some instances hybrid-forms may have arisen from 

 the two, although the generality of these various blackberry-bushes 

 bear their fruit freely enough. 



Rubus g-eoides. Smith. 



Falkland-Islands, Fuegia, Patagonia and Chiloe. An herbaceous 

 kind of raspberry-plant with greenish-yellow fruits, resembling 

 the Cloudberry, and possessing a very agreeable taste. Best 

 adapted for mountainous regions. 



Rubus g'laucus, Bentham. 



Ecuador, at high elevations. There cultivated instead of the 

 ordinary raspberry -bush [Dr. W. 0. Focke]. 



Rubus Havaiensis, A. Gray. 



Sandwich-Islands. The fruit of this bramble-shrub is raspberrv- 

 like. 



Rubus Idaeus, Linne.* 



The ordinary Raspberry-bush. Europe and Northern Asia, east- 

 ward to Japan. In Norway hardy to lat. 70 22 '. It is mentioned 

 here to point out the desirability of naturalising the plant on 

 mountains and on river-banks. The fruits contain a stearopten. 

 The leaves are sometimes used as a substitute for tea. With many 

 congeners a superior honey-yielder. 



Rubus imperialis, Chamisso. 



Brazil and Argentina. Furnishes superior fruits. 



