Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 431 



extends as a native to Japan, where according to Maximo wicz 22 

 species of Rubus exist, many of them endemic, and probably some 

 eligible for special fruit- culture. 



Rubus phoenicolasius, Maximowicz. 



Japan. A raspberry-bramble with fair-sized fruits. 



Rubus rosifolius, Smith. 



Tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa and Asia, ascending 

 the Himalayas to about 10,000 feet, also occurring throughout the 

 literal forests of East- Australia. In woody regions this shrub bears 

 an abundance of fruits of large size, and these early and long in the 

 season, though not so excellent as those of many other species. 

 Also a native of New Guinea. 



Rubus rug-osus, Smith.* 



In the mountainous parts of India, ascending the higher regions. 

 A tall climber, evergreen at all events in mild climates. Intro- 

 duced by the writer of this work into Australia. Richly bearing 

 near Port Phillip [G. W. Robinson], where it produces fruit all the 

 year round. Fruit comparatively large, from dark-red turning 

 black. Jam from it exquisite. Allied to R. Moluccaiius. 



Rubus strig-osus, Michaux.* 



Eastern North-America, extending to Canada. Closelv allied to 

 the European raspberry. Its fruits large, of excellent taste. 



Rubus tiliaceus, Smith, 



Indian mountains, at altitudes between 3,000 and 8,000 feet ; also 

 in Polynesia. A rambling species. Fruit large, purplish-black, 

 but rather insipid. 



Rubus trivialis, Michaux. 



South-Eastern States of North-America. Another shrubby 

 species with particularly palatable fruits, which are large and 

 black, and ripen very early in the season. The plant will thrive in 

 dry sandy soil. Like many other congeners, this one has the bark 

 rich in tannic acid. 



Rubus ur sinus, Chamisso and Schlechtendahl. (R. macropetalus, Douglas.) 

 California and Oregon. An unisexual shrub. Fruit black, oval- 

 cylindric, particularly sweet. Readily rendered spontaneous. It 

 would lead too far to enumerate other utilitarian kinds of Rubus, 

 although altogether about one hundred genuine species do occur' 

 which render the genus one of very wide dispersion over the globe. 



