Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 441 



comes to its prime, the plantation holding good for 15 to 25 years. 

 The rods for baskets should be cut as soon as the leaves have 

 dropped. The annual value of a crop of basket-willows is in Eng- 

 land from 25 to 35 per acre [Scaling]. The cultivation of 

 basket-willows along railroads has proved in cold countries one of 

 the best protectives against snow-drifts. S. lanceolata (Smith) is 

 a hybrid between S. triandra and S. viminalis, according to Prof. 

 Anders son. 



Salix viminalis, Linne.* 



The common Osier of Europe, North- and West- Asia. Height 

 to 30 feet. The best of basket-willows for banks subject to occa- 

 sional inundations. It is a vigorous grower, very hardy (to lat. 

 67 56' in Norway), likes to be fed by deposits' of floods or by 

 irrigation, and disposes readily of sewage [Scaling]. One of the 

 best for wicker-work and hoops ; when cut it shoots up to a length 

 of 12 feet ; distinguished by the basket-makers as the soft-wooded 

 willow ; it is best for rods requiring two years' age, but inferior to 

 several other species for basket-manufacture. Prof. Wiesner men- 

 tions this species among those drawn into use for tanning purposes. 

 S. Smithiana (Willdenow) is a hybrid of S. viminalis and S. caprea, 

 and has proved one of the best willows for copses and hedges. Its 

 growth is very quick and its foliage remarkably umbrageous. In 

 the Hamburg willow-plantation of Mr. F. Olandt five millions of 

 willow-cuttings were at disposal in the autumn of 1885. It would 

 lead too far to enumerate even all the more important willows on this 

 occasion. Professor Andersson, of Stockholm, admits 158 species. 

 Besides these, numerous hybrids exist. Many of the taller of these 

 willows could be grown to rural or technologic advantage. 



Salpiehroma rhomboides, Miers. 



Extra-tropical South-America, as far south as Magelhaen's 

 Straits. A half-shrub, with good-sized berries of vinous taste 

 [Lorentz]. 



Salvia XKatico, Grisebach. 



Sub-alpine Argentina. An important medicinal herb. 



Salvia officinalis, Linne. 



The Garden-Sage. South-Europe, ranging to Switzerland. En- 

 dures the climate of Norway to lat. 70. A somewhat shrubby 

 plant of medicinal value, pervaded by essential oil. Prefers cal- 

 careous soil. Counted also with honey-plants : enters into some 

 condiments. S. Sclarea (Linne), which ranges from South-Europe 

 to Persia, is similarly drawn into use, and was grown by Imperial 

 order already in the gardens of Charles the Great [E. Meyer]. S. 

 ceratophylla (Linne), of South- Western Asia, has strongly lemon- 

 scented foliage. Among nearly half a thousand species of this 

 genus some are gorgeously ornamental. 



