442 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Sambucus australis, Chamisso and Schlechtendal. 



Southern Brazil and La Plata-States. Resembles the ordinary 

 elder, and is locally used for tall hedges [Dr. Lorentz]. 



Sambucus Canadensis. Linne. 



North-Eastern America. The berries of this half -woody elder 

 are used like those of Phytolacca decandra, for coloring vinous 

 liquids. Dr. Gibbons observes, that this species is recognised in the 

 United States Pharmacopoeia, and that S. Mexicana (Presl.) and S. 

 racemosa (Linne) possess similar medicinal properties. The 

 flowers are gently excitant and sudorific, the berries diaphoretic 

 and aperient ; a kind of wine is frequently manufactured from 

 them ; the inner bark in large doses acts as a hydragogue cathartic 

 and as an emetic. S. xanthocarpa (F. v. Mueller) is a large elder- 

 tree of extra- tropical East- Australia. S. Graudichaudiana (De 

 Candolle) of the same region is a herbaceous species, the root of 

 which has emetic property. 



Sambucus nig-ra, Linne. 



The ordinary Elder. Europe, Northern Africa, Western Asia. 

 Endures the frosts of Norway northward to lat. 66 5' [Schue- 

 beler]. Known to have exceptionally attained a height of 35 feet. 

 The flowers are of medicinal value, and an essential oil can be 

 obtained from them. The wood can be utilized for shoe- pegs and 

 other purposes of artizans ; that of old trees is very hard and can 

 even be used as a substitute for boxwood. The berries are used 

 for making a palatable wine, also for coloring portwine and for 

 other dyeing purposes. The roots of the elder possess highly 

 valuable therapeutic properties, according to Dr. Al. Buettner, 

 especially antihydropic. 



Sangruinaria Canadensis, Linne. 



North-Eastern America. " Blood-root." A perennial herb. 

 Hardy to lat. 63 26 ' in Norw r ay. The root important as a thera- 

 peutic agent. It contains also dye-principles. An excellent bee- 

 plant [Cook]. 



Sangnisorba minor, Scopoli. (Poterium Sanguisorba, Linne.) 



The Salad-Burnet. Europe, North- Africa, Northern and West- 

 ern Asia. A perennial herb, easily disseminated and naturalized, 

 particularly adapted for calcareous soils. Bears the hot dry 

 summer seasons in the interior of Australia well [Armytage]. S. 

 polygama (F. v. Mueller : Poterium polygamum, Waldstein and 

 Kitaibel) is an allied and equally useful species. Both serve as 

 salad and particularly as a sheep-fodder. 



