492 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



excellence for cakes, also yielding a superior grain for peeled 

 wheat. For preparing the latter it is necessary to collect the 

 spikes while yet somewhat green, and to dry them by artificial 

 heat. 



T dicoccum, Schrank, (T. amyleum, Seringe). The Emmer- 

 Wheat. Cultivated in Ancient Egypt already [Prof. Koer- 

 nicke]. Its varieties are content with and prolific on poor 

 soil, produce excellent starch, are most hardy and not subject 

 to diseases. To this belongs the Arras-Wheat of Abyssinia, 

 where a few other peculiar sorts of wheat are to be found. A 

 large-grained variety of wheat is baked in Persia [Colvill]. 

 T. monococcum, Linne. St. Peter's Corn, which is hardier than 

 most other wheats ; exists in the poorest soils, but produces 

 grains less adapted for flour than for peeled wheat. Indigenous 

 to Servia, Greece and Turkey, if derived from T. Boeoticum 

 (Boissier). The Champlain- Wheat, recently here introduced 

 by me, yields about 40 fold and seems quite rust- and smut- 

 proof ; the crop is heavy ; but this variety is preferable for 

 green fodder and hay, the grain carrying too much bran [Her- 

 miston] . Dr. Bancroft's experiments in Southern Queensland 

 showed the common Indian Bearded Wheat to be exempt from 

 rust, as well as two beardless varieties from the same part of 

 Asia. On this subject see also the print of my lecture before 

 the Agricultural Society of Bendigo, " on rust in wheat," 1865. 

 According to the report of the Commissioner of Agriculture 

 37 millions of acres were in 1882, under wheat-culture in the 

 United States. Wheat can be brought by proper choice of 

 the season even to mature in Central Australia [Rev. H. 

 Kempe]. Latterly advanced in Upper India to a culture over 

 about 20 million acres. In various parts of the world the 

 prodigious quantity of 60 bushels on an acre is sometimes 

 obtained on rich and new land. Mr. E. T. Wickson, of the 

 University of California, mentions the following varieties, out 

 of about 100, as proof against the larva and pupa of the Hes- 

 sian fly (Cecidomyia destructor) : Bearded wheat of Missojen, 

 Palestine, Petali, Yolo, Greek Wheat from Atlanti, Forelle ; 

 they all belong to the type, T. durum, and are remarkable for 

 their rigid solid stems and for their hard grains, rich in gluten, 

 and all requiring a warm clime. Change of seed-grains, even 

 of the same variety, from the most favorable localities, is 

 always desirable. 



Among the conditions for rendering Wheat- crops safe against 

 rust-fungs are prominent : thorough drainage of the field, sufficiency 

 of potash, lime and phosphoric acid in the soil, choice of varieties 

 of least sappy constitution and of early maturation, yearly renewal 

 of seed-grain of rust-resisting varieties from their original loca- 

 tions ; early sowing, and this not too close, suppression of all kinds 

 of grasses and weeds on the field and in its vicinity, selection 

 of whatever manures applied entirely free of rust, immediate 



