Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 509 1 



vines down to six or eight inches underground, graft upon them' 

 American scions having at most three eyes, fasten with clay and 

 cover the graft with soil, preferably with sand. To obtain then a 

 number of American vines, cut off any European shoots, which may 

 have sprouted, leave all the best American shoots, make furrows 

 about four inches deep, radiating from the stock, in which layer the 

 shoots, fixing them down with pegs, and cover them with sand. It 

 is to be observed, that in very poor dry soil, where the European 

 vine still yields a fair crop, American vines do not succeed [Plan- 

 chon, " Vignes Americaines]." 



Vitis Arizonica, Engelmann. 



This species resembles V. Californica in appearance and rapidity 

 of growth ; it resists the attacks of the Phylloxera, and bears 

 drought, but is liable to mildew. Recommended by Prof. E. W. 

 Hilgard of Berkeley to serve as stock for grafting, who mentions 

 besides as Phylloxera-resisting: Y. rupestris, Y. Romanti, Y. 

 Davidi, Y. candicans, Y. monticola and V. Nbvo-Mexicana. The two 

 latter, as well as Y. Texaiia and Y. Doaniana, have been recom- 

 mended for dry and hard calcareous soils, in which most other 

 kinds do not thrive so well. 



Vitis Baudiniana, F. v. Mueller. (Cissus Antarctica, Ventenat.) 



East-Australia. With Y. hypoglauca the most southern of all 

 species of grapes, none extending to New Zealand. It is evergreen, 

 and a vigorous plant for bowers, but suffers even from slight frosts. 

 The berries are freely produced and edible, though not large. 



Vitis Californica, Bentham. 



Prof. Hilgard considers this a good species for grafting on to it 

 the European vine, as it is of more rapid growth than Y. riparia 

 and resists the Phylloxera ; it is however very subject to 

 mildew. It prefers a heavy rich soil. In its native rivular glens 

 it ascends high trees, forming leafy domes or vast festoons in the 

 forests. 



Vitis candicans, Engelmann. 



The Mustang-Grape of Texas, extending to Florida. Suited for 

 warm dry climes. Climbs to a maximum-height of 80 feet, and 

 gets finally a stem of nearly 2 feet diameter. Bears abundantly. 

 Mr. Buckley obtained from a plant, 8 years old, 54 gallons of juice ; 

 but the wine obtained is inferior to that from some other American 

 species. The variety Solonis is derived from crosses between Y. 

 riparia, Y. rupestris and Y. candicans [Prof. Millardet]. 



