512 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



the Clinton, Franklin, Taylor and some other varieties, probably 

 also Vitis Solonis, which seem more particularly destined, to revive 

 viticulture in Southern France and other countries, where the 

 Phylloxera vastatrix has annihilated such a vast extent of vine- 

 yards. They serve as a grafting stock for the European vine, the 

 majority of them showing a sufficient if not a complete resistance 

 to this pest, while they are for the most part not difficult to propa- 

 gate. The experiments, hitherto made in Provence and elsewhere, 

 have given good results, and the produce of the European vine 

 on American stock has been found as good as if grown on its own 

 root. Professor Planchon places the varieties in the following order 

 of merit: Vitis Solonis, Clinton- Vialla or Franklin, wild Vitis 

 riparia, Taylor, Clinton. The York-Madeira, which may be a 

 hybrid between V. riparia and V Labrusca, is by some growers 

 placed next to Vitis Solonis and answers well for grafting. The 

 seedlings of V. Solonis retain the typical characteristics of the 

 parent-plant which the other varieties do not. To raise vines 

 from seeds, the pips may be taken either before or after fermenta- 

 tion of the grape ; the essential point is, not to let them get dry ; 

 they should be kept in a cool place and mixed with sand, to prevent 

 mould. For transmission to great distances they should be sent 

 dried in the peel and pulp to ensure the preservation of their 

 vitality. Several French cultivators recommend grafting " by 

 approach." For this purpose an American and an European vine 

 are planted side by side ; early in spring, when the shoots are 

 about the size of a small goose-quill, two from the different stocks 

 are brought together, and in the most convenient place a slice is 

 taken out of the bark and the outer portion of the wood of each, 

 about half an inch in length, care being taken that the two surfaces 

 exactly fit each other ; they have only to be tied together, the sap, 

 which is then at the height of its flow, soon closing' up the wound ; 

 the American shoot is pinched off, when it has made three or four 

 leaves ; the following winter the root of V. vinifera is cut off. 

 Phylloxera-galls are frequently found on the leaves of V. riparia 

 as well as of V. eestivalis, but the roots are not so often attacked ; 

 if the latter happens, the wounds inflicted by the insect are super- 

 ficial and soon heal up [Planchon, Vignes Americaines]. Dr. M. T. 

 Masters mentions as a curious fact, that Professor Riley found a 

 species of Thrips (T. phylloxeras) attacking the galls formed on 

 the leaves of American vines by Phylloxera vastatrix. Professor 

 A. Millardet of Bordeaux has in 1885 issued an excellent illustrated 

 work on the principal Varieties and Species of Vines of American 

 Origin resisting the Phylloxera. Messrs. Bush and Meissner of 

 Missouri have also published a very comprehensive work on the 

 American Vines, translated into French by Professor Planchon and 

 M. L Bazille. Mr. T. V. Munson, of the United States Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, has lately published a short account of the 

 American species of Vitis, as a preliminary to a future full mono- 

 graph on this subject. At present in the Department Herault 

 already 170,000 acres are planted with American vines. Un- 



