Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 517 



Little's soluble Phenyl is among the remedies recommended by the 

 chief viticultural officer in San Francisco against the insect. 

 The Phylloxera vastatrix and also its ova succumb at a heat of 

 113 F. already [Couasnon and Solomon] ; thus by a careful heat- 

 ing of the soil the insect and its eggs may be destroyed without 

 hurting the plant dangerously. Among the fungus-pests the too 

 well-known Oidium is effectually checked by repeated application 

 of powdered sulphur. The mildew, Peronospora viticola, is 

 another dreaded enemy and has caused heavy losses. To Professor 

 Millardet. of Bordeaux, the credit is due of having first made 

 known an effectual remedy, namely, by syringing the diseased 

 vines with a solution of sulphate of copper or sulphate of copper 

 and lime 1 Ib. sulphate of copper to 20 gallons of water. Professor 

 Baillon however states, that this remedy against the mildew 

 has in many cases not proved so efficaceous as was expected, 

 but that a combination of sulphate of copper and ammonia 

 not only destroyed the Peronospora, but at the same time 

 greatly stimulated the growth of the vines. Mr. Alfred 

 Tait observes, that in Portugal preference is given over the 

 Bordeaux-fluid to the dry application of a powder containing the 

 substances of that mixture (sulphate of copper, lime and sulphur) 

 as prepared by him for subduing the Peronospora. The Bordeaux- 

 mixture has also proved the best remedy against Black Rot, which 

 is caused by Laestadia Bidwellii and some allied Fungs, such as 

 Phoma uvicola and Phyllosticta Labrusca3. The Black Rot-disease, 

 which works great havoc among the vines in the United States in 

 moist districts, is hardly noticed in regions with a dry climate 

 [Scribner and Yiala]. Mr. J. Sisley found a solution of 6 Ibs. of 

 common salt in 100 quarts of water effective. Another form of 

 mildew has made its appearance on vines in Victoria, viz., Erysiphe 

 vitigena (Cooke and Massee) ; in the eastern coast-districts of Aus- 

 tralia also the blight of the vine-leaves, arising from Pestalozzia 

 uvicola (Spegazzini) has been found. Vitis Davidii (Planchon) 

 may belong to the wild varieties of the ordinary grape-vine ; it 

 was discovered in Western Skensi (34 North, 108 50 ' East) up to 

 11,000 feet elevation ; the same wild plant was sent from Kiiihua, 

 by Consul Cooper, as a prickly vine and as bearing large purple 

 grapes ; several other species of Vitis exist in the cooler regions of 

 China [Hemsley]. In tropical countries vines should be strongly 

 manured, to make them productive [C. Merton]. Travellers 

 through new temperate regions might include closely kept vine- 

 seeds among those to be disseminated. Cream of Tartar is obtained 

 from sediments, incrusted during fermentation of Grape- juice or 

 storage of wine. From this sediment, mainly bitartrate of potassium, 

 is separable taitaric acid through removing the alkaline base by 

 sulphuric acid. 



Vitis VUlpina, Linne.* (Vitis rotundifolia, Michaux.) 



The Muscadine- or Fox-Grape. South-Easterii States of North- 

 America ; extends also to Japan, Manchuria and the Himalayas. 



