Naturalisation in Extra- Tropical Countries. 527 



Zingiber officinale. Koscoe. 



The Ginger. India and China. Possibly this plant may be 

 productive also in the warmer temperate zone, and give satisfactory 

 results. In Jamaica it is cultivated up to an elevation of 3,500 

 feet [W. Fawcett]. The multiplication is effected by division of 

 the root. For candied ginger only the young succulent roots are 

 used, which are peeled and scaled prior to immersion into the 

 saccharine liquid ; but Galanga root is similarly used. Great 

 Britain imported in 1884 about 56,000 cwt. of ginger, valued at 

 124,000. 



Zizania aquatica, Linne. (Hydropyrum esculentum, Link). 



The Canada-Bice. In shallow streams and around ponds and 

 lakes, from Canada to Florida. Annual. This grass might be 

 readily naturalised. It attains a height of 9 feet. Although its 

 grain can be utilised for bread- corn, we would wish to possess the 

 plant chiefly, to obtain additional food for water-birds. 



Zizania fluitans, Michaux. (Hydrochloa Carolinensis, Beauvois) . 



Southern States of North- America. This grass, floating in shallow 

 streams, or creeping on muddy banks of rivers or swamps, is 

 praised by Prof. C. Mohr as valuable for fodder, lasting throughout 

 the year. 



Zizania latifolia, Turczaninow. (Hydropyrum latifolium, Grisebach). 



The Kau-sun of China. In lakes of Amur, Manchuria, China 

 and Japan. Regarded by Bentham as conspecific with Z. aquatica. 

 From Dr. Hance we know, that the solid base of the stem forms a 

 very choice vegetable, largely used in China, where this tall water- 

 grass undergoes regular cultivation like the Trapa. 



Zizania miliacea, Michaux.* 



Southern part of North- America, West-Indies. Tall and peren- 

 nial, more restricted to the tidewater-meadows and ditches, accord- 

 ing to Pursh ; while according to Chapman's note it is generally 

 distributed like Z aquatica, with which it has similar use. In 

 Southern Brazil occurs a similar if not identical grass namely 

 Z. microstachya (Nees). 



Zizypnus chloroxylon, Oliver. 



The Cogwood-tree. Jamaica, in mountainous regions. Height 

 considerable. Wood greenish, ponderous, hard, tough, durable also 

 in water. Splendid for cogs, machinery [Sloane, Browne. See- 

 Dyer's Kew-Bulletin, June, 1889]. 



Zizyphus Joazeiro, Martins. 



Brazil, Recommended as yielding edible fruit in arid regions. 

 Zizyphus Jujuba, Lamarck. 



From India to China and East-Australia, extending also to- 

 tropical Africa, ascending the Himalayas to 4,500 feet. This shrub 



