56 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



varieties exist, and others with entire leaves and with smooth and 

 variously shaped and sized fruits ; others again ripening earlier, 

 others later, so that ripe bread-fruit is obtainable more or less 

 abundantly throughout the year. The fruit is simply boiled or baked 

 or converted into more complicated kinds of food. Starch is obtain- 

 able from the bread-fruit very copiously. The very fibrous bark can be 

 beaten into a sort of rough cloth. The light wood serves for canoes. 

 The exudation, issuing from cuts, made into the stem, is in use for 

 closing the seams of canoes, and could be turned to technic account. 



Artocarpus integrifolia, Linn fil.* 



India. The famous " Jack-tree," ascending like the allied A. 

 Lakoocha (Roxburgh) to 4,000 feet ; only fit for places free of frost. 

 A large tree in full bearing is one of the grandest of objects in the 

 whole vegetation of the world. The fruit attains exceptionally a 

 weight of 80 Ibs.; it is eaten raw or variously prepared ; the seeds, 

 when roasted, are not inferior to chestnuts [Dr. Roxburgh]. In 

 East- Australia just outside the tropics this tree still produces fruits in 

 enormous quantity, up to a weight of 23 Ibs. [Edgar]; to a lesser 

 extent at Moreton-Bay [Fr. Turner]. Bears fruit as far south. as 

 Durban in Natal [J. M. Wood]. In Jamaica it is cultivated up to 

 3,000 feet [W. Fawcett]. The allied A. polyphema (Persoon) has 

 smaller fruits, very odorous and with sweet pulp. It is a native of 

 Cochinchina ; its degree of hardiness is not well ascertained yet. An 

 illustration of it occurs in Madame van Nooten's beautiful work on 

 Javanese culture-plants. 



Arundinaria elegans, Kurz. 



Burma, ascending to 7,000 feet elevation. Height of stems to 

 20 feet. 



Arundinaria falcata, Nees. 



Middle Himalayan zone, ceasing at elevations over 7,000 feet. 

 The canes are thin and weak, seldom over 6 feet high. This 

 bamboo does not necessarily require moisture. In reference to various 

 bamboos see the Gardeners' Chronicle of December, 1876, also the 

 Bulletin de la Soci6te d'Acclimatation de Paris, 1888. The closely 

 allied Jurboota-Bamboo of Nepal, which occurs only in the cold 

 altitudes of from 7,000 to 10,000 feet, differs in its solitary stems, 

 not growing in clumps. The Thamor-Kaptur-Bamboo is from a still 

 colder zone, at from 8,500 to 11,500 feet, only 500 feet or less below 

 the lower limits of perpetual glaciers [Major Madden]. The wide and 

 easy cultural distribution of bamboos by means of seeds has been first 

 urged and to some extent initiated by the writer of the present work. 



Arundinaria Falconer!, Munro. (Thamnocalamus Falconeri, J. Hooker.) 



Himalaya, at about 8,000 feet elevation. A tall species with a 

 panicle of several feet in length. Allied to the foregoing species. 



