Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 99 



Capsicum minimum, Roxburgh. (0. fastigiatum, Blume.) 



Intra-tropical America. It is this particular species which the 

 British pharmacopoeia requires to be used medicinally. 



Carag-ana arborescens, Lamarck. 



The Pea-tree of Siberia, reaching to 70 North. The seeds are of 

 culinary value, but particularly used for feeding fowls. The leaves 

 yield a blue dye [Dr. Rosenthal]. 



Carex arenaria, Linne. 



Western Europe and Northern Asia. Hardy to lat. 62 30' in 

 Norway [Schuebeler]. One of the most powerful of sedges for sub- 

 duing rolling sand, its rigid foliage not attracting grazing animals. 

 Will succeed yet on somewhat saline soil [T. Kessal]. The roots 

 are of medicinal value. 



Carex Moorcroftiana, Falconer. 



The Loongmur of the Alps of Thibet. One of the best of sedges 

 for fixing the shifting sand by its deeply penetrating and creeping 

 roots. It forms an intricate net-work on the surface and beneath. 

 Outliving mo^t other fodder-plants at its native places, it becomes 

 available for cattle- and horse-food particularly in the cold of win- 

 ter, and is held to be singularly invigorating to pasture-animals. 

 Drs. Stebler and Schroeter state that C. ferruginea (Scop.) and C. 

 sempervirens (Yillars) are not without value as fodder-plants in the 

 Swiss Alps. 



Carex pumila, Thunberg. 



Eastern Asia and Australia, New Zealand and South America. 

 Helps to bind the coast-sand there. 



Carica Candamarcensis, Morren. 



Andes of Ecuador up to an elevation of about 9,000 feet [Prof. 

 Jameson]. A small slender tree. Fruit to nine inches long and 

 sometimes nearly as broad, edible and wholesome, of delicious scent 

 and grateful taste [Sir Jos. Hooker]. Other large-fruited Caricas 

 occur in andine regions, comprised under the vernacular name Cam- 

 buru [Spruce]. Their cultural rearing seems possible in frostless 

 regions only. Fruit used raw or cooked. 



Carica Papaya, Linne. 



West-Indies and Mexico to Peru. Cultivated northward still in 

 some parts of Florida, elsewhere to 32 N. [A. de Candolle]. The 

 Papaw-tree. A small often branchless tree of short vitality, only 

 fit for regions not subject to frost. Bears enormously in Eastern 

 sub-tropic Australia, producing fruits occasionally of 4 Ibs. weight 

 near Keppel Bay [J. S. Edgar]. Fruit generally of the size of a 



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