100 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



small lemon ; eaten boiled or preserved in sugar or pickled in 

 vinegar [Sir James Smith]. Fresh seeds germinate readily. The- 

 acrid milky juice of the tree, much diluted with water, renders any 

 tough meat, washed with it, tender for cooking purposes by sepa- 

 rating the muscular fibres [Dr. Holder]. Merely wrapping the meat 

 in the Papaw-leaves will often suffice. Drs. Boucher and Wurtz 

 have successfully introduced the Papaya-sap or Papayin against 

 Diphtheria ; further the juice has been administered as a vegetable 

 pepsin and as an anthelmintic. Dr. Th. Belgrave has pointed out 

 the great importance of this plant as a galactogogue. Fruits ripen 

 successively. 



Carissa Arduina, Lamarck. 



South- Africa. A shrub with formidable thorns, well adapted for 

 boundary-lines of gardens, where rapidity of growth is not an object. 

 Stands drought. Quite hardy at Melbourne. Fruit edible. C. ferox 

 (E. Meyer) and C. grandiflora (A. de Cand.) are allied plants of equal 

 value. The fruit of the latter is largely used for jam and as such 

 quite wholesome [Bernays]. The East- Australian C. Brownii (F. 

 von Mueller) can be similarly utilised. The flowers of all are very 

 fragrant. C. Carandas (Linne) extends from India to China ; its 

 berries are edible ; it is also a strong hedge-plant. 



Carlina acanthifolia, Allioni. 



Countries at and near the Mediterranean Sea. A perennial herb, 

 which can be utilised similarly to the Scolymus- Artichoke. It will 

 bear some frost [Professor D. Clos]. 



Carludovica palmata, Ruiz and Pavon. 



Central America, up to over 3,000 feet. Methodically cultivated 

 for the sake of its fan-like leaves, which furnish the material for 

 Panama-hats. Holds a cultural position as far south as Moreton- 

 Bay (Fr. Turner). 



Carpinus Americana, Michaux. 



The Water-Beech or Ironwood of North-America, thriving best 

 on the margins of streams. The wood is fine-grained, tough, and 

 compact, used for cogs of wheels and any purpose, where extreme 

 hardness is required, such as yokes [Robb]. It is often speckled 

 and somewhat curled, thus fitted for superior furniture [Simmonds]. 

 C. Caroliniana (Walter) is the oldest name. Very closely allied to 

 the following. 



Carpinus Betulus, Linne. 



The Hornbeam. Middle and Southern Europe and Western Asia. 

 A tree to 80 feet high. Wood pale, of a horny toughness and hard- 

 ness, close-grained but not elastic. It is used for wheel-wrights' 



