104 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 





 Carya oliviformis, Nuttall.* 



The Paean or Peccannut-Tree of Eastern North- America, extend- 

 ing to Texas. A handsome tree, reaching 70 feet in height, with a 

 straight trunk. The most rapid growing of all the hickories. It 

 needs deep rich soil of valleys [B. E. Fernow]. Its wood is coarse- 

 grained, heavy and compact, possessing great tenacity ; in strength 

 and elasticity it surpasses even that of the White Ash [Harrison]. 

 The nuts are usually abundant, and the most delicious of all walnuts; 

 they form an article of considerable commerce in the Southern States. 

 Texas annually exports nuts to the value of over 10,000 [Dr. C. 

 Mohr], The tree matures fruits as far north as Philadelphia. It 

 commences to bear in about ten years. The fresh nuts should be 

 packed in dry moss or sand into casks for distant sowings. The 

 kernel is extremely oily, thus the fruit does not keep so well as the 

 ordinary walnut. Although the wood of all the hickories is not well 

 adapted for building purposes, as it is subject to the attacks of insects 

 and soon decays if exposed to the weather, yet its great strength and 

 elasticity render it extremely useful for implements, articles of furni- 

 ture, hoops and many minor purposes, besides supplying locally the 

 very best of fuel. Hickories, even when very young, do not well 

 bear transplanting, C. amara perhaps excepted. C. alba and C. glabra 

 would be particularly desirable for the sake of their timber, and C. 

 oliviformis on account of its fruit. The bark of all the hickories con- 

 tains yellow dye-principles ; by the addition of copperas an olive 

 colour is produced j by the addition of alum, a green colour. Hickory 

 stems are known to attain 12 feet in girth. 



Carya sulcata, Nuttall.* 



The Furrowed Hickory and the Shellbark-Hickory of some dis- 

 tricts ; also one of the Shagbark-Hickories. North-America, in the 

 Eastern States. A tree, to 80 feet high in damp woods. Its rate of 

 growth is about 18 inches in a year, while young. Heartwood pale- 

 coloured. Seed of sweet pleasant taste. Wood similar to that of C. 

 alba, but paler. The tree is still hardy in Christiana. 



Carya tomentosa, Nuttall.* 



The Mockernut-Tree or White Heart-Hickory. Eastern North- 

 America, extending to Canada, replacing C. alba on drier and poorer 

 ground [B. E. Fernow]. A large tree ; likes forest-soil, not moist. 

 Heart-wood pale-coloured, remarkable for strength, elasticity, heavi- 

 ness and hardness, yet fissile ; used for axles, spokes, felloes, handles, 

 chairs, screws, sieves and the best of mallets ; the saplings for hoops 

 and wythes. Hickory is the most heat-giving amongst all .North- 

 American woods. Nut small, but sweet ; very oily. A variety pro- 

 duces nuts as large as a small apple, which are called King-Nuts. 



