106 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Cassia angustifolia, Vahl. 



Northern and Tropical Africa and South- Western Asia, indigenous 

 or cultivated. Perennial. Yields Mecca-senna, also the Bombay- 

 and some of the Tinnevelly- senna. 



Cassia artemisioides, Gaudichaud. 



Sub-tropical and extra-tropical Australia. The species of this 

 series of the genus are shrubby, and considered valuable for arid 

 and sandy sheep-runs as affording feed. They brave intense heat, 

 and are adapted for rainless regions. 



Cassia fistula, Linne. 



Southern Asia. The long pods of this ornamental tree contain an 

 aperient pulp of pleasant taste and of medicinal value. It is also 

 used in the manufacture of cake-tobacco. Traced by Sir Jos. 

 Hooker to the slopes of the Central Himalayas. 



Cassia Marilandica, Linne. 



An indigneous senna-plant of the South-Eastern United States 

 of North America. Perennial. 



Cassia obovata, Colladon. 



South- Western Asia ; widely dispersed through Africa as a native 

 or disseminated plant. Perennial. Part of the Alexandra-senna 

 and also Aleppo-senna is derived from this plant ; less esteemed 

 and less collected than the other species. It furnishes also Italian, 

 Tripolis-, Senegal- and Tanacca-senna. 



Castanea sativa, Miller.* (C. vulgaris, Lamarck; G. vesca, Gaertner.) 



The Sweet Chestnut-tree. South-Europe and Temperate Asia 

 as far as Japan, where a variety with larger fruits is cultivated, a 

 variety with smaller fruits extending to North-America. Professor 

 Schuebeler records that even in Norway at latitude 58 15' a chest- 

 nut-tree attained a height of 33 feet with a stem 4 feet in circumfer- 

 ence ; in a shrubby state it holds out as far north as 63. Introduced 

 into Britain already by the Romans. It reaches an enormous age ; 

 at Mount Etna a tree occurs with a stem 204 feet in circumference. 

 The yet existing tree at Totworth-Court was already famous 900 years 

 ago ; in 1820 the stem measured at 5 feet above the base 52 feet in cir- 

 cumference [Masters]. In England the average growth in 60 years 

 is 7 feet in circumference at 3 feet above the base [Forsyth]. At 

 other places trees are found 10 feet in diameter, solid to the centre. 

 The tree does not readily admit of transplantation ; likes granitic 

 soil. It bears still in the low country of Southern Queensland fairly 

 well. The wood is light, cross-grained, strong and elastic, well 

 adapted for staves and wheel-cogs, ornamental carving, the young 

 wood for hoops and mast-rings, also for walking-sticks. Some 



