Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 113 



Celtis Australis, Linn. 



The Lotus-tree of South-Europe, North-Africa and South-Asia, 

 ascending the Himalayas to 9,000 feet. Attains a height of about 

 50 feet. Though of rather slow growth, this tree can be used for 

 avenues, as its stem finally attains to 6 feet in diameter. It is 

 supposed, that this Celtis reaches the age of fully 1,000 years. 

 Berries edible. Wood hard and dense, eligible particularly for 

 turners' and carvers' work. Used also by instrument-makers for flutes 



. and pipes. The stem-wood is fine-grained, easily cleft, and of a 

 splendid yellow tinge ; the branch-wood is one of the best for whip- 

 sticks. Largely planted for fodder in India [Dr. G-. Watt]. 



Celtis occidentalis, Linn6. 



The Hackberry-tree. Eastern States of North- America. Height 

 reaching to 80 feet. Will grow tolerably well even on the poorest 

 soil [B. E. Fernow]. Hardy as far north as Christiania. The sweet 

 fruit edible. Wood rather soft, difficult to split. 



Celtis Sellowiana, Miquel. 



Argentina. Tree to 40 feet high. Wood strong, used chiefly for 

 waggons, posts, turnery. Fruit edible [Hieronymus]. 



Celtis Sinensis, Persoon. (C. Japonica, Planchon.) 



China and Japan. The " Henoki." A tree, bearing extreme 

 cold. Wood useful for carpenters' and turners' work. Fruit edible 

 but small. 



Celtis Tala, Gillies. 



From Texas to the La Plata-States. A thorny shrub, or under 

 favorable circumstances a good-sized tree. This plant can be used 

 for forming impenetrable hedges, but also shade-avenues. One or 

 two other Argentine species serve the same purposes. 



Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, Richard. ( Uragogce, Ipecacuanha, Baillon. ) 



Brazil, in mountain-woods, consociated with Palms and Tree- 

 ferns. It is not unlikely that this herb, which is perennial and yields 

 the important medicinal ipecacuanha-root, would live in warm extra- 

 tropic forest-regions. Active principles : emetin and ipecacuanha- 

 acid. Ipecacuanha has in some cases proved efficient also in snake- 

 poison. The plant is best propagated from root-cuttings. 



Cephalanthus occidentalis, Linn<*. 



North- America, extending to Canada and Mexico. A tree, attain- 

 ing a height of about 50 feet on streams, easily disseminated, flowering 

 profusely already in a shrubby state, more important for ornamental 

 than for industrial growth, admitted here however as a rich yielder of 

 honey from its fragrant flowers, which last through several months. 



