Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 121 



Chrysanthemum coecineum, Willdenow. (fioseum, Adam. Pyrethrum 

 roseum, Bieberstein. ) 



Sub-alpine South- Western Asia. This perennial herb, with C. 

 coronopifolium (Willdenow) yields the Persian Anti-Insect-powder. 

 Effective against aphides. Centipeda (Myriogyne) could doubtless 

 also be converted into a strong insecticidal powder. 



Chrysanthemum coronarium, Linn. 



Countries at and near the Mediterranean Sea. The young sprouts 

 of the cultivated plant are in Japan consumed either as salad or as 

 boiled vegetable [C. Sprenger]. C. Sinense, Sabine (C. Indicum, 

 Linne), of Japan only, is of the vastest importance as an autumn or 

 even winter flower ; keeps long in vases. 



Chrysanthemum Parthenium, Bernhardi. (Pyrethrum Parthenium, 

 Smith.) 



Middle and Southern Europe. " Feverfew." The root, foliage 

 and flowers of this perennial herb are in request for medicinal 

 purposes since ancient times ; the variety with yellow foliage serves 

 for edging of garden-plots, ribbon- and carpet-culture. 



Chrysopsis graminifolia, Elliott. 



Southern States of North- America. This herb furnishes a fibre 

 of soft texture and silk-like lustre [K. Mohr]. 



Chusquea Culeou, E. Desvaux. 



Chili, Valclivia, Argentina. This bamboo does not often exceed 

 20 feet in height ; the autochthones on the La Plata-River use it for 

 lances. C. heterophylla and C. Cumingii (Nees) serve in the same 

 region for thatch-roofing [Hieronymus]. C. andina (Philippi) grows 

 in Chili near the snow-line. 



Cicer arietinum, Dodoens.* 



South-Europe and South- Western Asia. The Gram or Chick- 

 Pea. introduced into China during the 14th century [Bretschueider]. 

 An annual herb, valuable as a pulse for stable-food, but an extensive 

 article also of human diet in India. Colonel Sykes counted as many 

 as 170 seeds on one plant. In Spain, next to wheat, the most 

 extensively used plant for human food [Honorable Caleb Gushing]. 

 The plant suppresses weeds, and is of special service in the rotation 

 of crops. The return is in about four months. The seeds can be 

 converted into pea-meal, or can be used in various other ways for 

 culinary purposes. Among the best of plants for fodder-purposes 

 and for pulse in the arid interior of West Australia [Arthur 

 Anderson]. 



