122 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Cichorium Endivia, Linne. 



South-Europe, North- Africa, Orient, Middle Asia. A biennial 

 plant, used already in ancient times as a culinary vegetable. In 

 Norway it grows to lat. 70 (Schuebeler). Boissier regards ,it as 

 culturally arisen from the annual C. divaricatum [Schousbye] of the 

 shores of the Mediterranean Sea. In France next to Lettuce the 

 most universally utilised salad-plant, and available as an open air 

 product from June to February. The curled and Batavian varieties 

 are not bitter. The inner leaves are bleached by tying the outer 

 leaves together [Vilmorin]. Matures seeds, fit to germinate, even in 

 the hottest desert regions of Central Australia. 



Cichorium Intybus, Linn. 



Chicory. A well-known perennial plant, indigenous to Europe, 

 Northern-Africa, and South- Western Asia, extending to North- 

 Western India, where it ascends to 11,000 feet [Dr. Aitchison]. 

 The roots much used as a substitute for coffee ; 5,000 tons of Chicory 

 valued at 68,000 were imported into the United Kingdom in 1884. 

 This plant requires a rich deep loamy soil, but fresh manure is 

 detrimental to the value of the root. It is also a good fodder-plant, 

 especially for sheep, and can be kept growing for several years, if cut 

 always before flowering. The root can be dressed and boiled for 

 culinary purposes ; the leaves are useful for salad, particularly when 

 the plants are removed to dark warm places for bleaching [Kuehnel] ; 

 seeds will keep for several years [Vilmorin]; medicinal use can be 

 made also of the fresh root. Indigenous in Norway to lat. 63 30" 

 [Schuebeler]. 



Cimicifuga racemosa, Elliott. 



The " Black Snake-Root " and also " Cohosh " of North- America. 

 A perennial herb of medicinal value, the root possessing emetic 

 properties. 



Cinchona Calisaya, Ruiz and Pavon. * 



Andes of Peru, New Granada, Brazil and Bolivia, 5,000 to 6,000 

 feet above the ocean. This tree attains a height of 40 feet ; it yields 

 the Yellow bark and also part of the Crown-bark. It is the richest 

 yielder of quinin, and also produces cinchonidin, but little of other 

 alkaloids. The most valuable species in Bengal, braving occasional 

 night-frost. It was introduced into Java as early as 1854. by Dr. 

 J. K. Hasskarl. This has flowered at Berwick (Victoria) already 

 ten years ago under the care of Mr. G. W. Robinson, from plants 

 supplied by the author, therefore as far south as Port Phillip ; there 

 also good seeds matured. It grows under conditions more limited 

 than those of C. succirubra, nor is it so easily propagated. All of its 

 varieties do not furnish bark of equal value. The Santa Fe variety 

 ascends the Andes of New Granada 10,000 feet, and produces the 

 highly valuable soft Columbia-bark. The variety Ledgeriana come& 



