Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 127 



camphor. Mr. Ch. Ford has ascertained, that the Chinese cut 

 Cinnarnomum Cassia when six years old, the time chosen being from 

 March to May, after which season the bark loses much of its 

 aroma. The plant is cut to near the root. The bark on distillation 

 affords the Cassia-oil, 1 cwt. of bark yielding nearly 1 Ib. of oil, 

 which is much in use for confectionery and culinary purposes and 

 the preparation of scented soaps; it is one of the most persistent or 

 retentive in perfumery. Oil can also be obtained from the foliage. 

 C. Zeilanicum (Breyn), the true Cinnamon-tree of Ceylon develops 

 perfectly in East-Australia to rather beyond the tropic," indeed as far 

 south as Moreton-Ba.y. 



Cinnamomum Loureiroi, Nees. 



Cochin-China and nearest regions, also perhaps Japan. A middle- 

 sized tree. The leaves locally in use as a condiment and for per- 

 fumery. 



Cistus Creticus. Linn. 



Countries on the Mediterranean Sea, particularly the eastern. This 

 shrub, with C. Cyprius (Lamarck), furnishes the best ladanum-resin. 

 Other species yield a less fragrant produce. 



Citrus Aurantium, Linn.* 



The Orange-tree (in the widest sense of the word). A native of 

 South-Eastern Asia, A plant of longevity; thus a tree at Versailles, 

 known as the " Grand Bourbon," is still in existence, though planted 

 in 1421; and very much older still are Citrus-trees at Cordova, and 

 yet bearing. Even under glass at Hampton-Court are trees over 300 

 years old. Stems of very good Orange-trees have gained such a size, 

 as to require two men to clasp them. If intervening spaces exist in 

 orangeries, they might be used for raising herbaceous honey -plants. 

 Any specific differences, to distinguish C. Aurantium from C. Medica, 

 if they once existed, are obliterated now through hybridisation, at 

 least in the cultivated forms. In Central India a peculiar variety is 

 under culture, producing two crops a year; the blossoms of February 

 and March yield their ripe fruit in November and December, whereas 

 from the flowers of July mature fruits are obtained in March and 

 April. To prevent exhaustion only alternate fruiting is allowed. 

 Nearly 5 million bushels of oranges and lemons, representing a value 

 of 1,782,000, were imported into the United Kingdom during 1884. 

 During 1886 it was 4,388,291 bushels, valued at 1,488,341. In 

 1893 New South Wales produced 800,000 cases of Oranges from 

 9,237 acres of ground fHayter]. The seeds of Oranges, with other 

 easily germinating seeds, should during exploring expeditions through 

 mild countries be disseminated. Quick steam-navigation renders it 

 now possible, to provide when carefully packed for the European 

 and North-American market fresh Oranges and many other kinds of 

 orchard-fruits from Australia, South-America and South- Africa during 

 the unprovided season of the northern hemisphere. At Port Jackson 



