Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 129 



seeds. The Bigarade furnishes the most valuable of any stock 

 for orange-grafting in South- Africa, according to Prof. MacOwan. 



Citrus decumana, Linne. The Shaddock or Pompelmos. The 

 fruit will exceptionally attain a weight of 20 pounds. The pulp 

 and thick rind can both be used for preserves. 



Citrus dulcis, Yolkamer. The Sweet Orange, of which many 

 kinds occur. The St. Michael Orange has been known to bear 

 in the Azores on sheltered places 20,000 fruits on one tree in 

 a year. Navel-oranges, weighing 19 ounces, have been obtained 

 at Rockhampton ; other varieties have been known to reach 

 3 pounds [Thozet], Neroli-oil is also obtained from the flowers 

 of this and closely allied varieties. The oil of orange-peel 

 might be used as a cheap and pleasant one in the distillation of 

 costly odorous substances. Even in Australia already an aged 

 tree of the ordinary orange yielded over 12,000 fruits in a par- 

 ticularly favorable season. In tracts close to the coast the 

 trees need shelter. About four million pounds of orange-flowers 

 are annually treated for Neroli-oil at and in the vicinity of 

 Grasse, the price being about fourpence a pound (Revue agricole 

 de Maurice). 



Citrus nobilis, Loureiro. The Mandarin-Orange. The thin peel 

 separates most readily from the deliciously flavoured sweet pulp. 

 There are large and small fruited Mandarin-oranges j the 

 Tangerine variety is one of them ; also a dwarf variety with 

 seedless fruits exists (A. Jupp). 



Citrus Australasica, F. v. Mueller. 



Coast-forests of extra-tropical Eastern Australia. A shrubby 

 species, with ellipsoid or almost cylindrical fruits of lemon-like taste, 

 measuring 2 to 4 inches in length. They are thus very much larger 

 than those of Atalantia glauca of the eastern desert-interior of tropic 

 Australia, but both are of similar taste. These plants are entered 

 on this list, together with C. Planchoni, merely to draw attention to 

 them as probably capable of improvement in their fruit through 

 culture. 



Citrus Japonica, Thunberg. 



The Kumquat of Japan. A shrubby Citrus with fruits of the size 

 of a gooseberry, from which on account of their sweet peel and acid 

 pulp an excellent preserve can be prepared. 



Citrus Medica, Linne 1 .* 



The Citron-tree (in the widest sense of the word). Indigenous to 

 Southern Asia.. For the sake of convenience it is placed here as 

 distinct from C. Aurantium. As prominent varieties of the Citrus 

 Medica may be distinguished: 



Citrus Cedra. Gallesio. The true Citron. From the acid 

 vernacular fruit essential oil and citric acid can be obtained, 



