Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 153 



foregoing, bearing the frosts of Norway quite to lat. 59 55' [Schue- 

 beler]: stood exceptionally severe winter-cold also in Germany 

 quite well [H. Koehler] ; of beautiful aspect and quick growth. 

 There is also a variety with golden-yellow foliage. Less esteemed 

 than C. obtusa ; grows in about the same localities, but is content 

 with poorer soil, and bears more heat [Dupont]. Prefers valleys 

 for its location [Prof. Luerssen]. Wood principally used by coopers. 

 This and the foregoing species were in 1871 referred to the genus 

 Cupressus in an early edition of the present work. 



Cupressus sempervirens, Linn. 



The Common Cypress. South- Europe and South- Western Asia, 

 on Mount Lebanon up to 5,000 feet. It is famous for the great age 

 it attains, and for the durability of its timber, which is next to 

 imperishable. Likes limestone-soil particularly. Doors from this 

 wood in St. Paul's Church in Rome have lasted over 600 years. Its 

 two forms namely C. pyramidalis (Targioni) and C. horizontalis 

 (Miller) widely differ under culture. The tree attains in warm 

 countries occasionally a height of 100 feet and a stem-girth of 9 feet. 

 Hardy in England. Near Somma a cypress is still shown, which 

 so it is said was renowned already at Caesar's time on account of its 

 great size. The wood is prized for trunks and boxes, as rendering 

 the contents proof against most kinds of insects [Sir D. BrandisJ. 

 At present its wood is much sought for the manufacture of musical 

 instruments. Young records the stem-circumference of a Cypress at 

 Lago Maggiore at 54 feet, and this was known even 600 years ago 

 as a venerable tree, thus far one of the few most favoured trees in 

 the whole creation. 



Cupressus thurifera, Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth. 



Mexican White-Cedar ; 3,000 to 4,500 feet above sea-level. A 

 handsome pyramidal tree, upwards of 40 feet high. See C. Ben- 

 thami. 



Cupressus thuyoides, Linn. (Chamcecyparis sphceroidea, Spach ; Thuya 



sphceroidalis, Cl. Richard.) 



White Cedar of North- America ; in moist and swampy ground. 

 Height of tree reaching 80 feet ; diameter of stem 3 feet. Of com- 

 paratively quick growth ; endures shade well [B. E. Fernow]. The 

 wood is reddish, light, clear, easy to split, soft and fragrant ; it turns 

 red when exposed to the air. Extensively used for a great variety of 

 purposes for boat-building, cooperage, railway-ties, particularly also 

 shingles ; it is fine-grained and easily worked. Mohr says, that the 

 wood, when well seasoned, offers the finest material for hollow-ware. 

 For furniture, it admits of a high finish and has a pleasing hue. The 

 old wood resists the successions of dryness and moisture better than 

 any other American Cypress hitherto tried. Circumferential rate of 

 stem-growth in Nebraska 22 inches at 2 feet from the ground in 12 

 years [Furnas]. 



