Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 175 



Echinops sphserocephalus, Linne". 



Southern Europe and temperate Asia. This perennial tall herb 

 is very recommendable as a bee-plant ; its leaves have some medi- 

 cinal value ; may however endanger pasturage as an unwelcome 

 weed. 



Echium candicans, Linne fil. 



Madeira. This showy shrub, with the allied E. fastuosum 

 (Jacquin) is an exquisite honey-plant ; other species deserve in this 

 respect also attention. 



Echium fastuosum, J. F. Jacquin. (Probably E. arboreum, Steudel. ) 



Canary Islands. An individual plant may attain a height of 8 feet 

 and a circumference of 50 feet [T. Hanbury], with fully 100 spikes. 

 This should prove a grand honey-plant. In all probability it would 

 like the Pollichia (Trichodesma) be of great value as fodder for 

 camels and dromedaries. E. giganteum, Linne fil., from Teneriffe is 

 white-flowering and attains a height of 10 feet. 



Ectrosia Gulliveri, F. v. Mueller. 



North-Eastern Australia. A pretty but annual grass, useful for 

 covering stony slopes in dry exposed localities [Bailey]. 



Ehrharta diplax, F. v. Mueller. (Microlcena avenacea, J. Hooker.) 



New Zealand. This tall perennial grass is fond of woodlands, 

 and deserves introduction elsewhere. It is likely to prove an accept- 

 able pasture-grass in adapted localities. A few Australian species, 

 particularly of the section Tetrarrhena, are readily accessible, and so 

 indeed also the South-African Ehrhartas, all adapted for a warm 

 temperate clime ; the majority perennial, and several of superior 

 rural value. Ehrharta caudata (Munro) is indigenous to Japan. 



Ehrharta gigantea, Thunberg. 



South-Africa. The " Pyp-grass." Among native grasses there 

 the best to settle any rolling coast-sand [A. W. Hay wood]. 



Ehrharta longiflora, Smith. 



South-Africa. Easily disseminated and, like other perennial 

 species from the same part of the world, fit to grow in sand-land as 

 a pasture-grass. Eagerly consumed by cattle [Cole]. 



Ehrharta stipoides, La Billardiere.* 



Extra-tropical Australia, also New Zealand. Often called Weep- 

 ing-Grass. A perennial grass, which keeps beautifully green all 

 through the year. For this reason its growth for pasturage should 

 be encouraged, particularly as it will live on poor soil. Mr. W. H. 



