Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 179 



Encephalartos Denisonii, F. v. Mueller. (Macrozamia Denisonii, Moore 

 and Mueller.) 



New South Wales and Queensland, in the littoral forest-tracts. 

 This noble Pine-palm is hardy as far south as Melbourne, and with 

 E. spiralis, E. Preissii and the South-African species to be regarded 

 as a most desirable acquisition to any garden scenery in mild zones. 

 All admit of translocation even when of large size and when many 

 years old. The lifted stems, with an unusual tenacity of life, some- 

 times remain dormant for several years. After removal they can be 

 shipped in close cases as dead goods, the leaves being previously cut 

 away, but such shipments should not be exposed to severe frosts on 

 transit. Encephalartos-stems rotting from below can be saved by 

 cutting away the whole diseased portion and then again plunging the 

 stem after amputation into the soil [Dyer]. Seeds have kept gerrain- 

 able for 6 years [Dall]. Seeds intended for raising the plant should 

 be taken where staminate and pistillate specimens grow close together. 

 Where naturally these Pine-palms abound, an excellent starch may 

 profitably be got from their stems. It may be necessary to resort to 

 mechanical pollination to secure germination-power of the seeds. The 

 gathering of seeds from this noble plant in any reserved locality 

 should give a considerable annual return. 



Engelhardtia spicata, Blume. 



The spurious Walnut-tree of the mountains of Java, Burmah, and 

 the Himalayas up to 6,000 feet. It reaches a height of 200 feet. 

 Wood pale-red, hard and heavy, manufactured into the solid cart- 

 wheels and large troughs, which are in use throughout the Sunda- 

 Islands [Brandis]. The bark is rich in tan-substance [Roxburgh]. 



Epicampes macroura, Bentham. 



Mexico. This grass, like some of its congeners, furnishes the 

 "Broom-root," the fibre of which is exported from Vera Cruz to the 

 annual value of about 60,000 [D. Morris]. 



Eragrostis Abyssinica, Link. (Poa Abyssinica, Jacquin.) 



The Teff of Abyssinia, Nubia, Egypt, and nearest lands. The 

 grain of this annual grass is there extensively used for bread of an 

 agreeable acidulous taste. According to Professor Schweinfurth the 

 E. Aegyptiaca (Delile) is identical. 



Eragrostis Brownii, Nees.* (Poa Brownli, Kunth.) 



Tropical and Eastern extra-tropical Australia, according to Duthie 

 also in India. It is here mentioned as a valuable perennial species, 

 keeping- beautifully green in the driest Australian summer, even on 

 poor soil ; indeed the missionary, Pastor Kempe, pronounces it to be 

 the best of all grasses on the Central Australian pastures. It is quite 

 eaten down by sheep but readily springs up again from the root. No 



