Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 197 



Eucalyptus maculata, Hooker.* 



The Spotted Gumtree of New South Wales and Queensland. A 

 tree, reaching 150 feet in height. Grows best on stony ridges. 

 Content with poor soil, but more susceptible to frost than many other 

 congeners [Naudin]. Thrives well on the mountains of Ceylon and 

 also at Algiers. The kino of this species is quite resinous, so much 

 so, that articles varnished with it withstand the application of watery 

 fluids [A. R. Crawford]. The wood is principally employed in ship- 

 building, wheelwrights' and coopers' work. One of the woods chosen 

 in Sydney for street- paving since 1880. Such wood-paving lasts 

 much longer in dry and winterless climes than in others. The heart- 

 wood is as strong as that of British oak [Rev. Dr. Woolls]. Average 

 specific gravity, when well-seasoned, 0-942 [Clem. Hodgkinson]. 



Eucalyptus marginata, Donn.* 



The Jarrah or Mahogany-tree of South- Western Australia, famed 

 for its indestructible wood, which is neither attacked by chelura, nor 

 teredo, nor termites, and therefore much sought for jetties and other 

 structures exposed to sea-water, also for any underground-work, 

 telegraph-poles, and largely exported for railway-sleepers. Vessels 

 , built of this timber have been enabled to do away with copper-plating. 

 For jetties the piles are used round, and they do not split when 

 rammed even into limestone or other hard foundations, provided the 

 timber is of the best hard kind [Walker and Swan]. The Govern- 

 ment's Clerk of Works at Perth observed that he took up piles in 

 1877 which were driven for a whaling jetty in 1834, and that the 

 timber was perfectly sound, although the place was swarming with 

 teredo. At the jetty in Fremantle, piles 30 years old and others one 

 year old could scarcely be distinguished. The durability of this timber 

 seems largely attributable to kino-red, allied to phlobaphen, of which 

 it contains about 15 to 17 per cent. Of kino-tannin it contains 4 to 

 5 per cent. Sir Fred. Abel traces the immunity of this timber against 

 boring animals to the peculiar acid principle contained in this and 

 some allied woods. Timber of a close grain and a slightly oily 

 and resinous nature ; it works well, makes a fine finish, and is by 

 local ship-builders considered superior to either sal,' teak, or any 

 other wood, except perhaps English oak or live-oak. In West- 

 Australia it is much used for flooring, raftef%, shingles ; also for 

 furniture, as it is easily worked, takes a good polish, and then looks 

 very beautiful. It, is not too hard, and hence is more easily worked 

 than E. redunca and E. loxopbleba. The wood from the hills is 

 darker, tougher, and heavier than that from the plains. Wood-bricks 

 from this tree are since several years very successfully used in 

 London for street-paving. Well seasoned timber weighs about 64 Ibs. 

 per cubic foot ; freshly cut, from 71 to 76 Ibs. It is one of the least 

 inflammable woods according to Captain Fawcett, and is locally 

 regarded as one of the best woods for charcoal. Mr. H. E. Victor, 

 C.E., of Perth, estimates the area, covered at present by marketable 



