Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 201 



Eucalyptus odorata, Behr. 



The Peppermint-tree of South Australia. Reaching 70 feet in 

 height, the stem 2^ feet in diameter. Timber hard, very durable, 

 used for sleepers, posts and piles [J. E. Brown]. The tree follows 

 the limestone-formation, but occurs also in clayey loam ; 1,000 Ibs. of 

 foliage gave 112 oz. of oil [Nitschke]. 



Eucalyptus oleosa, F. v. Mueller. 



One of the smaller Eucalypts, known as Mallee, extending from 

 East- to West-Australia through the desert-regions ; it will live in 

 mere sand. The essential oil, in which the foliage of this species is 

 comparatively rich, dissolves indiarubber without heat, according to 

 Mr. Bosisto ; it is also one of the best solvents for amber and other 

 fossil resins. It is largely produced at the Wimmera by Mr. Bosisto ; 

 it is unusually rich in Eucalyptol and thus leadingly indicated for 

 antiseptic purposes ; it contains also a principle allied to Cymin- 

 Aldehyde ; it does not cause, through irritating particles, any cough 

 to patients inhaling it [Schimmel]. Has been drawn into extensive 

 use as a remedy against influenza. The variety longirostris attains a 

 height of 120 feet, with a stem of 70 feet without a branch, in West- 

 Australia, where it is vernacularly known as Morrell. The wood is 

 remarkably hard, splits freely, and is used for spars, rafters, fence- 

 rails, wheelwrights' work and agricultural implements. It is of a red 

 tinge, and sinks in water, even when dry. 1,000 Ibs. of fresh foliage 

 gave, in distillation, 62 oz. of oil [Nitschke]. Of other Malices E. 

 gracilis gave 54 oz.; E. uncinata, 69 oz.; E. incrassata, 112 oz. At 

 Mr. Bosisto's great factory in the mallee-scrub, where all four species 

 are mixedly used, 30 tons of foliage come into distillation every week 

 for 10 months in the year, the development of oil during autumn 

 considerably diminishing. The average yield is about 1 per cent. 



Eucalyptus paniculata, Smith. 



The Red Ironbark-tree of New South Wales. This species has 

 particularly well thriven in the coast tracts of Natal [ J. M. Wood] ; 

 it furnishes a hard durable wood, excellent for railway sleepers. It 

 is also much used for building and fencing, as it is lasting under- 

 ground. All the trees of this series are deserving of cultivation, as 

 their wood, though always excellent, is far from alike, and that of 

 each species preferred for special purposes of the artisan. A variety 

 from the deserts is so marked, that it received the name E. fasciculosa, 

 and may for xylologic distinctions be very well kept apart. 



Eucalyptus patens, Bentham. 



The " Black-butt" of South- Western Australia. Attains a height 

 of 120 feet, and a stem-diameter of 6 feet. The timber is so tough 

 as not to yield to ordinary splitting processes, therefore useful for 

 various wheelwrights' work ; it has proved also durable underground. 



