Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 219 



enough to carry 10 tons freight. The wood is still harder than that 

 of Fagus obliqua, with the qualities of which it otherwise agrees 

 [Dr. Philippi], This species extends to the Chonos-group, and 

 perhaps still further south, and thus may be of value even for Middle 

 European forest-culture. 



ferruginea, Dryander and Aiton. 

 North-American Beech. A large tree, with deciduous foliage* 

 easily raised in woodlands. Comparatively quick in growth. Will 

 live in calcareous regions, also in rocky and exposed situations, and 

 endures shade [B. E. Furnow]. Wood variable according to 

 localities. Well seasoned wood, according to Simmonds, is 

 remarkably hard and solid, hence employed for plane-stocks, shoe- 

 lasts, tool-handles, various implements and turneries. The yield of 

 its little nuts is large, and on them domestic animals quickly fatten ; 

 they serve also for obtaining oil. 



Fagus obliqua, Mirbel. 



The Roble of Chili, called Coyam by the original inhabitants. 

 A tall tree with a straight stem, attaining 3 to 4 feet diameter. 

 Wood heavy and durable, well adapted for posts, beams, girders, 

 rafters and joists, but not for flooring. One of the few Chilian trees 

 with deciduous foliage [Dr. Philippi]. Its value as compared with 

 that of the European Beech should be tested in forest-plantations. 

 Cyttaria Berteroi (Berkeley) grows on branches of this Beech. 



Fagus procera, Poeppig. 



Another deciduous Beech of Chili, where it passes by the name of 

 Reule or Rauli. Of still more colossal size than the Roble. Wood 

 fissile, well adapted for staves ; finer in grain than that of F. obliqua r 

 and much used for furniture [Dr. Philippi]. 



Fagus silvatica, Linne.* 



The deciduous Beech of Britain, of most other parts of Europe, 

 and extra-tropical Asia. The trunk has been measured in height to 

 118 feet, the foliage to 350 feet in circumference. As far north as 

 lat. 60 23' in Norway Professor Schuebeler found a tree over 70 feet 

 high with a stem 12 feet in circumference ; smaller trees grew even 

 to lat. 67 56'. Known to have reached an age of 245 years [German 

 Forest Commission]. Apt to overpower any other kinds of trees in 

 its native forests. The red-leaved variety originated in the forests 

 " of the Tyrol and Zurich. The wood is hard, extensively used by 

 joiners and ship-builders in their trade and by the manufacturers 

 of various implements, especially for planes, shoe-lasts, t keys and 

 cogs of machinery, lathe-chucks, gun-stocks, staves, chairs, spoke- 

 shaves ; in piano-manufacture, for bridges, likewise in some portion 

 of the work of organ-builders ; enters also into the construction of 

 harmoniums (beds of notes, pallets, rest-planks); further used 



