234 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



Fraxinus Ornus, Linn6. 



The Manna -Ash of the Mediterranean regions, extending to 

 Austria and Switzerland. Height about 30 feet. Hardy still at 

 Christiania. It yields the medicinal manna by incisions into the 

 bark, which are done only on one side of the stem each year. F. 

 Ornus is well adapted for a promenade-tree, and is earlier in foliage 

 than F. excelsior, F. Americana and most other Ash-trees. 



Fraxinus quadrangulata, Michaux.* 



The Blue Ash of North-America, indigenous from Michigan to 

 Tennessee. One of the tallest of the Ashes, becoming 70 feet high. 

 Timber excellent, better than that of any other American species 

 except the White Ash, hence frequently in use for flooring and 

 shingles and carriage-building ; it is the most durable of its kind, 

 when exposed to alternate dryness and moisture [B. E. Fernow], 

 The inner bark furnishes a blue dye. The tree requires a rather 

 mild clime and the most fertile soil. 



Fraxinus viridis, Michaux films. 



The Green Ash of Eastern North-America. Height reaching 

 70 feet. Less dependent on humidity than many other species. 

 Wood excellent, nearly as valuable as that of the White Ash, but 

 of less dimensions. The tree requires shady woodlands. Especially 

 recommended for street-planting by Dr. J. Warder. This species, 

 like the preceding, is hardy as far north as Christiania in Norway 

 [Schuebeler]. Rate of circumferential stem-growth in Nebraska 

 30 inches in 22 years [Furnas]. 



Fraxinus xanthoxyloides, Wallich. (F. Chmemis, Roxburgh. ) 



Himalaya. On this a peculiar wax is produced by Coccus Pela, 

 perhaps also on some species of Ligustrum. About 40,000 Ibs. are ex- 

 ported annually according to Bernardini. F. Mandschurica (Ruprecht) 

 attains a height of 60 feet and a stem-diameter of 4 feet. 



Fuchsia racemosa, Lamarck. 



Mountains of Hayti* One of the species with edible berries of 

 very good taste. Fuchsia splendens (Zuccarini) occurs in cold 

 regions of Guatemala up to 10,000 feet high, and produces tasty 

 wholesome berries, the latter an inch and a half long ; fit for pre- 

 serves [Mrs. Beal] ; it ripens its fruits at Port Phillip. F. excorti- 

 cata (Linne fil.) of New Zealand extends there far south, and is 

 perhaps as hardy as F. Magellanica (Lamarck); it rises to 30 feet, if 

 not' higher, and gains a stem-diameter of 3 feet ; hence a scenic plant 

 even for cool climes. Some of the ordinary garden Fuchsias are 

 quite hardy in the south of Ireland. 



