Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 251 



and serve culinary purposes. As a fodder they increase the milk 

 of cows to an extraordinary degree. The foliage serves well also 

 as fodder. The plant is propagated from the smallest but undivided 

 tubers, placed like potatoes, but at greater distances apart. The 

 root is little susceptible to frost. The plant would be valuable for 

 alpine regions. In Norway it can be grown successfully still at lat. 

 68 24' [Schuebeler]. The yield is as large as that of potatoes, 

 with less labour, and continues from year to year in fairly treated 

 land uninterruptedly and spontaneously. The stem is rich in 

 textile fibre. The percentage of crystalline sugar is largest during 

 the cold season, then 5-6 per cent. During the summer the starch- 

 like inulin prevails. This plant can only be brought to full perfection 

 in a soil containing much potash. 



Helichrysum elatum, Cunningham. 



South-Eastern Australia. A tall shrubby species, worth special 

 cultivation for its everlasting flowers. 



Helichrysum leucopsidium, De Candolle. 



Extra-tropical Australia. Perennial. The flower-headlets, by 

 reason of their pale disk and shining white rays, are admirably 

 fitted for mourning-wreaths. 



Helichrysum lucidum, Henckel. (H. bracteatum, Willdenow.) 



Throughout the greater part of Australia. This herb can be 

 grown as a summer-plant to lat. 70 4' in Norway [Schuebeler], 

 and it extends indigenously also to alpine elevations. The regular 

 cultivation of this perennial herb would be remunerative, to supply 

 its "everlasting " flowers for wreaths, just as those of H. orientale 

 (Tournefort) from Candia are largely grown and sold in South- 

 Europe, to provide wreaths for graves. Some South- African species 

 of Helichrysum and Helipterum are also highly eligible for these 

 purposes of decoration ; as such may be mentioned Helichrysum 

 fulgidum (Willdenow), H. humile (Andrews), H. sesamoides (Thun- 

 berg), Helipterum canescens, H. eximium and H. speciosissimum 

 (De Candolle). Helichrysum apiculatum (De Candolle) affords 

 herbage in the worst deserts of Australia. Waitzia corymbosa is 

 another sheep-plant among Australian desert-everlastings. 



Helichrysum vestitum, Schrank. 



South-Africa. A half-shrub. The usually snowy-white flowers 

 sought prominently there among everlastings. Total export of all 

 sorts in 1892 about a quarter million Ibs., valued at 12,065 [Pro- 

 fessor MacOwan]. 



Helicia Whelanii, Bailey. 



Bellenden Ker mountains, Northern Queensland. A middle sized 

 tree, producing nuts 2-2^ inches in diameter, which are largely 



