Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 257 



Hordemn distichon, C. Bauhin.* 



Wild from Arabia to Central Asia [A. de Candolle]/ The ordi- 

 nary Two-rowed Barley. Cultivated as early as the stone-age 

 eHeer]. To this species belong the ordinary English barley, the 

 hevalier, the Annat, the Dunlop, the Long-eared, the Black, the 

 Large, the Italian and the Golden Barley, along with other kinds. 

 A variety with grains free from the bracts constitutes the Siberian 

 and the Haliday -Barley, which however is less adapted for malt. An 

 unbearded variety, called the Berkeley-Barley, was recently raised 

 by Professor Hilgard in California ; it approaches the Nepal-Barley, 

 but the husk is adherent. This new sort is not so liable to the 

 attacks of rust-fungs as many other varieties. Dry barley-flour, 

 heated to the temperature of boiling water during several hours 

 under the exclusion of atmospheric air, constitutes Hufeland's meal 

 for invalids. Barley-culture can be carried on even in alpine regions. 

 Marly and calcareous lands are particularly fit for rearing this cereal 

 grass. It resists moderate spring-frosts. As much as 100 bushels 

 of Cape-barley have been obtained from an acre of laud in volcanic 

 soil of Victoria as a first harvest. Barley-culture is promoted by the 

 brewing of pure malt-beer ; the Customs authorities of Victoria 

 recognise the importance of the distinction between such and that 

 produced from sugar and other substances requiring to be imported. 



Hordeum hexastichon, Linn6.* 



Orient. The regular Six-rowed Barley. In cultivation already 

 during the stone-age [Heer], also already in ancient Egypt 

 [Schweinfurth]. This includes among other varieties the Red, 

 the Scotch, the Square- and the Bear-barley. Seeds less uniform 

 in size than those of H. distichon. The so-called skinless variety 

 is that in which the grain separates from the bracts. Langethal 

 observes, that it is most easily raised, requires less seed-grain than 

 ordinary barley, has firmer stems, is less subject to the rust-disease 

 and to bending down. 



Hordeum secalinum, Schreber.* (H. nodosum, Smith; H. pratense, 



Hudson. ) 



Europe, Northern and Middle Asia, North-America. Perennial. 

 Famed as the best fattening grass of many of the somewhat brackish 

 marsh-pastures on the North- Sea. It never fruits, when kept 

 down by cattle, and finally suppresses nearly all other grasses and 

 weeds. 



Hordeum vulgare, Linne.* 



Orient. The Four-rowed Barley, though rather six-rowed with 

 two prominent rows. Of less antiquity than H. distichon and H. 

 hexastichon. Had the Alexandrian Library not been burnt, the 

 exact origin of the various kinds of Barley, with that of many other 



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