Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 259 



against storms are some of the conditions for success in hop-growth, 

 and under such conditions the raising of hops will prove thus far 

 profitable in countries and localities of very different mean-tem- 

 perature. A dry summer season is favorable to the ripening and 

 gathering of hops. On the Mitchell-River, in Gippsland, 1,500 Ibs. 

 have been obtained from an acre ; on the King-River, in Victoria, 

 even as much as 2,286 Ibs. in one particular year. In Tasmania 

 large crops have been realized for very many years. The plant 

 might be readily naturalised on river-banks and in forest-valleys. 

 The scaly fruit-catkins form the commercial hops, whose value 

 largely depends on the minute glandular granules of lupuline. 

 Hops impart their flavor to beer, prevent acetous fermentation, and 

 precipitate albuminous substances from the malt principally by 

 their tannic acid. Hop-pillows are recommended to overcome want 

 of sleep. Many of the substitutes for hops are objectionable or 

 deleterious. The refuse of hops of breweries possesses double the 

 value of stable-manure. Great Britain imported in 1884 nearly 

 13,000 tons of hops valued at 1,600,000 ; in 1889 about 10,000 

 tons of the value of 713,000. The Victorian import during 1887 

 was 788,968 Ibs. valued at 42,422. Active principles of hop- 

 leaves and fruits : a peculiar volatile and bitter acid substance. 

 The fibre of the stem can be made into cords and paper. The young 

 shoots can be used for food, dressed like asparagus. Latterly the 

 Red Spider (Tetranychus telarius) has attacked some of the Victorian 

 hop-plantations to a serious extent. Mr. French recommends that 

 the following remedy be applied, as suggested by the conference of 

 English hop-growers : Boil 6 to 8 Ibs. of Quassia-chips and mix 

 with 6 Ibs. of soft soap in 100 gallons of water ; apply as hot as 

 possible by a spray-pump. Hop-poles should be barked and the 

 diseased leaves raked together and burned. An American grower 

 has successfully used iced water against the Red Spider, according to 

 Professor Sorauer. 



Hydnum coralloides, Scopoli. 



Europe, Asia, North- and South- America. In Cashmere, where 

 this mushroom inhabits hollow trunks of Pinus Webbiana, called 

 the Koho-Khur. Common on dead wood in forests in the United 

 States. Cooked, of excellent taste. 



Hydnum imbricatum, Linn. 



In pine-forests of Europe. A wholesome mushroom of delicious 

 taste, which we should endeavour to naturalise in any pine-planta- 

 tions. Other recommendable European species are, H. erinaceum 

 (Persoon), H. album (Persoon),. H. diversidens (Fries), H. auriscal- 

 piurn (Linne), H. subsquamosum (Batsch), H. laevigatum (Swartz), 

 H. violascens (Albertini), H. infundibulum (Swartz), H. fuligineo- 

 album (Schmitz), H. graveolens (Brotero), H. Caput Medusae (Nees), 

 H. hystrix (Fries), H. coralloides (Scopoli). These and some other 



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