Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical "Countries. 273 



14,000 feet. In Norway it is indigenous to lat. 70 10', and under 

 60 10' it reaches still a height of 40 feet [Professor Schuebeler]. 

 Attains to almost incredible longevity. The wood resists insects of 

 all kinds. Glowing wood is kept for a very long time in that state, 

 if covered up [Goethe]. One of the three native Coniferse of Britain. 

 The berry -like fruits are of medicinal value, also used in the prepara- 

 tion of gin, further for flavoring preserves and also smoked beef 

 [Dr. K. Mueller]. The famous quality of Westphalian hams is much 

 obtained through their being subjected to the smoke of this plant ; in 

 like manner much used in North-Europe. The lye from the ashes 

 much employed in washing. Important for fuel in the coldest 

 regions. Will grow on almost pure sand, also on limestone-rocks. 



Juniperus drupacea, La Billardiere. 



Plum- Juniper. A very handsome long -leaved species, the 

 " Habhel " of Syria. It attains a height of 30 feet, and produces 

 sweet edible fruit, highly esteemed throughout the Orient. 



Juniperus excelsa, Bieberstein. 



In Asia Minor, 2,000 to 6,000 feet above the sea-level. Extends 

 to the Himalayas, where its range of elevation is from 5,000 to 

 14,000 feet. A stately tree, to 90 feet high. Trunk short, but of 

 great girth, over 20 feet circumference being known, according to 

 Stewart and Brandis, who refer to this the J. Chinensis of Parlatore. 

 The allied J. Sabina (Linne) extends from the Caucasus through the 

 cooler regions of Asia to North- America, and it is also found in sub- 

 alpine regions of Spain. It is a powerful eminenagogue, but requires 

 to be used with caution. All these trees are antiseptic and therefore 

 of hygienic value. 



Juniperus flaccida, Schlechtendal. 



In Mexico, at from 5,000 to 7,000 feet altitude. A tree reaching 

 30 feet in height, rich in sandarac-like resin. 



Juniperus fcetidissima, Willdenow. 



Armenia and Tauria, also on the Balkan and in North-Greece, at 

 from 5,000 to 6,500 feet. A tall and beautiful tree. 



Juniperus Mexicana, Schiede. 



Mexico, at elevations from 7,000 to 11,000 feet. A straight tree, 

 sometimes to 90 feet high ; stem to 3 feet in diameter, exuding 

 copiously a resin similar to sandarac. 



Juniperus occidentalis, Hooker. 



North-California and Oregon, ascending to the sub-alpine zone. 

 A straight tree, to as much as 80 feet high, with a stem reaching 

 often 3 feet in diameter. Thrives well among rocks. Wood pale, 

 comparatively hard, close-grained. . 



