Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 295 



Machilus odoratissima, Nees. 



The " Soom-tree." From the Himalayas to Assam, Cochin-China, 

 Burmah, Java and Sumatra, ascending to the cool elevation of 8,000 

 feet. A tree of considerable size. The Muga- Silkworm feeds on the 

 foliage [Gamble]. The leaves are pervaded by an orange-scent 

 [Brandis]. 



Madura aurantiaca, Nuttall.* 



The Osage-Orange, or North-American Bow- Wood, or Yellow 

 Wood. Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana. This thorny deciduous shrub 

 or tree can be well trained into hedges. It is unisexual, and will in 

 favorable localities on rich river-banks attain a height of 60 feet, with 

 a stem two or three feet thick, thus becoming available as a timber- 

 tree. It resists severe frosts. Rate of stem-growth in Nebraska 

 about one inch a year circumferentially [Furnas]. The saplings 

 furnish stakes for vines, which are very lasting. The elastic wood 

 serves well for bows, buggy-shafts, carriage-poles, and similar 

 articles. It is one of the most durable of all North- American woods, 

 also valuable for all purposes, where toughness and elasticity are 

 required [Dr. C. Mohr]. The plant is not readily subject to blight 

 or attacks of insects. It produces from the root a yellow dye. Mrs. 

 Timbrell, of Melbourne, at the suggestion of the author, has here 

 shown, that the foliage is as good a food for silkworms as that of the 

 white mulberry, and the silk produced in no way inferior to ordinary 

 silk. Leaves not too succulent are preferable. [Cf. also Riley, pub- 

 lications of the United States Department of Agriculture, 1877]. 



Maclura exoelsa, Planchon. 



West-Africa, on mountains up to 3,000 feet elevation. Height of 

 tree often 150 feet. The wood is remarkably durable and tough, 

 beautifully dark-brown and streaked. Birds feed on the fruit. 



Maclura Mora, Grisebach. 



North-Argentina. A high tree. Wood greatly esteemed for its 

 density and toughness ; fruit edible [Dr. Lorentz]. 



Maclura tinctoria, D. Don. 



Central and Southern America. This tree yields the Fustic-wood. 

 Cultivated in Jamaica up to 3,000 feet [W. Fawcett]. 



Magnolia hypoleuca, Siebold. 



Japan. A stately tree, with very large and whorled leaves. 

 Trunk to a foot in diameter. Wood remarkably flexible ; used for 

 many kinds of utensils. Worthy of introduction as a magnificent 

 garden-object [Christy]. 



