358 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



and meconic acid (vide " Wittstein's Chemische Analyse von 

 Pflanzentheilen," or my English edit. p. 163). The best Turkish 

 opium contains 13 to 13 J per cent, morphin. Various species of 

 Papaver produce more or less opium and morphia. Great Britain in 

 1889 imported 492,000 Ibs. of opium, valued at 298,000. P. 

 setigerum (De Candolle), supposed to be the wild state of P. somni- 

 ferum, was cultivated, evidently for the sake of the seeds, by the 

 lacustrine people of Switzerland prior to historic ages [Heer]. 



Pappea Capensis, Ecklon and Zeyher. 



South-Africa. The fruit of this tree is of the size of a cherry, 

 savory and edible. The seeds furnish an oil similar to castor-oil in 

 its effects [Prof. MacOwan]. 



Pappophorum commune, F. v. Mueller. 



Widely dispersed over the continent of Australia, occurring also in 

 some parts of Asia and Africa. Perennial ; regarded as a very 

 fattening pasture-grass, and available for arid localities and almost 

 rainless zones. It proved one of the best pasture-grasses in the arid 

 tracts of sub-tropic Western Australia [Isaac Tyson], 



Parinarium Nonda, F. v. Mueller. 



The " Nonda-tree " of "North-Eastern Australia. Attains a 

 height of 60 feet ; its wood soft, close-grained, easily worked 

 [W. Hill]. May prove hardy in mild temperate climes, and may 

 perhaps live in the dry and hot air of deserts, where it deserves 

 trial-culture for the sake of its edible, mealy, plum-shaped fruit. 

 A few other species with esculent drupes occur in different tropical 

 countries. 



Paritium tiliaceum, St. Hilaire. (Hibiscus tiliaceus, Linne. ) 



Tropical and sub-tropical countries, especially on sea-shores, 

 extending to Australia, in Hawaii up to 2,000 feet. A small tree. 

 The copiously obtainable bast supplies material for tough and pliable 

 ropes ; the wood is light and serves for outriggers of canoes [Dr. 

 Hillebrand]. Desirable for naturalisation. 



Parkinsonia aculeata, Linne". 



From California to Uruguay. A thorny shrub, clearly adapted 

 for the warmer regions of the temperate zone, where it might be 

 utilised with the following plant for evergreen hedges. Became 

 naturalised in the milder tracts of Eastern Australia. Quite hardy 

 at Port Phillip. The flowers are handsome. Six other species occur 

 in various parts of America. 



Parkinsonia Africana, Sender. 



South- Africa. A tall hedge-bush. 



