380 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



other purposes, but on the whole inferior to that of tne Black Spruce. 

 The tree grows in damp situations or swampy ground. Eligible 

 for alpine regions. Hardy in Norway to lat. 70 56'. P. Engel- 

 manni (Parry) is closely akin ; it occurs in British Columbia ; stem 

 to 3 feet in diameter ; wood excellent and durable [Dr. Gr. 

 Dawson]. 



PinilS albicaulis, Engelmann. 



British Columbia and California, ascending to 9,000 feet. Height 

 to 60 feet. Extremely hardy, resisting the most boisterous weather, 

 but never exceeding 40 feet in height [Sir Jos. Hooker]. Wood 

 light, soft, rather brittle, but close-grained [Prof. Sargent]. Fruit- 

 strobiles nearly globular, purplish, with short and thick scales. Bark 

 whitish, scaly. This species has been referred by S. Watson to P. 

 flexilis (James) as a variety. Seeds large, edible. 



Pinus Alcoquiana, Parlatore. 



Japan, at an elevation of 6,000 to 7,000 feet. A fine spruce, often 

 to 120 feet high, with very small blue-green leaves ; the wood is 

 used for light household-furniture. Buds purplish. P. tsuga and 

 P. polita ascend there to the same height [Rein]. 



Pinus amabilis, Douglas. 



Californian Silver-Fir. Northern California, Oregon, British 

 Columbia, at elevations of from 4,000 to 7,000 or even 10,000 feet. 

 A handsome fir, to 200 feet high ; circumference of stem to 24 feet ; 

 the stem is branchless up to 100 feet. The tree passes under the 

 name of the "Queen of the Forests" [Lemmon]. The wood is 

 elastic, strong and hard, fit for masts and spars ; it has a peculiar 

 red colour ; spikes, nails and bolts hold firm and never corrode in it 

 [Dufour], but according to a* late account of " Canadian timbers " 

 much less praiseworthy, perhaps according to differences in situa- 

 tions, soil and clime. Very closely allied to P. nobilis and also to 



' P. grandis. Hemsley records as distinct from this P. lasiocarpa 

 (Hooker), which gains a height of fully 250 feet and has branchlets 

 with yellowish bark. 



Pinus aristata, Engelmann. 



California, at elevations of 8-12,000 feet in the Sierras. A pine, 

 attaining about 75 feet in height, the stem three feet in diameter ; 

 leaves extremely short [Gibbons]. Fit for any alpine country. 

 Referred by S. Watson as a variety to P. Balfouriana (Jeffrey). 



Pinus Arizonica, Engelmann. 



Arizona, California. This pine differs from P. ponderosa in 

 glaucous branchlets, thinner leaves, constantly in fives and of 

 different structure, and in thicker and shorter fruit-cones, with 

 greater prominences on the scales [Engelmann, Sargent, Perry], 



