382 , Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



It has the habit of P. excelsa, and is equal to it in its own line of 

 beauty [Beecher] and in hardiness, yielding a much-esteemed white 

 or reddish timber. Its cones are among the very largest, measuring 

 as much as 15 j inches in length [Sir J. Hooker]. Furnishes a 

 fragrant balsamic turpentine and resin, the latter used as incense 

 [O. Finck]. 



Pinus Balfouriana, Jeffrey. 



The " Foxtail- " or " Hickory -Pine." California to Colorado, up 

 to 12,000 feet elevation. Height reaching 100 feet ; trunk-diameter 

 to 5 feet. Wood close-grained, tough, very strong [Sargent]. 



Pinus balsam ea, Linn. (Abies balsamea, Miller.) 



"Balsam-Fir," "Balm of Gilead-Fir." Canada, Nova Scotia* 

 south to New England, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. An elegant 

 tree, to 40 feet high, which with Pinus Fraseri yields Canada-balsam 

 (Balsam of Firs), the well-known oleo-resin. The timber is light, 

 pale, soft and useful for furniture and implements. The wood is 

 also of very particular value for superior violins [Dr. R. Tannasch]. 

 Rate of circumferential stem-growth in Nebraska 26 inches at 

 2 feet from the ground in 12 years [Governor Furnas]. The tree 

 does not attain a very great age. Sends a pleasant odor through 

 the forest, regarded as salubrious, especially to phthisic patients, a 

 remark which applies to many other pines. It thrives best in cold 

 swampy places. Eligible for alpine regions ; in Norway it is hardy 

 to lat. 63 26' [Schuebeler]. Bears the severest winters of Northern 

 Germany [H. Koehler]. 



Pinus bracteata, D. Don. (Abies bracteata, Hooker and Arnott.) 



Southern California up to 6,000 feet. A very handsome fir, 

 attaining about 150 feet in height, forming a slender, perfectly 

 straight stem, not more than two feet in diameter. A somewhat 

 older name is P. venusta (Douglas). The resin is used for incense. 

 The young shoots, according to Hemsley, injured by spring-frosts in 

 Britain. 



Pinus Brunoniana, Wallich. (P. dumosa, D. Don.) 



Himalaya, descending to 8,000 and ascending to 10,500 feet. 

 This fir attains a height of about 120 feet, and the stem a circum- 

 ference of 28 feet [Sir J. D. Hooker]. Particularly eligible for 

 alpine tracts. The timber is pale and soft ; it does not stand 

 exposure well. 



Pinus Canadensis, Linn&* (Abies Ccmadensis, Michaux.) 



" Hemlock-Spruce/' In Canada and over a great part of the 

 United States, on high mountains, as well as on undulating land. 



