386 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



[Rein]. Height to. about 100 feet; stem finally Very stout. The 

 timber is excellent for building ; it is less resinous than that of 

 P. Thunbergi [Dupont]. 



Pinus Douglasii, Sabine.* (Abies Douglasii, Lindley ; Picea Douglasii, Link.) 

 Oregon-Pine or Fir, called also the yellow Pine or Fir of Puget- 

 Sound, where it yields the principal timber for export, and is there- 

 fore of great commercial value in the lumber-trade. It extends from 

 Vancouver's Island and the Columbia-River through California to 

 Northern Mexico from the coast up the mountains to 9,000 feet 

 altitude. The maximum-height known is nearly 300 feet ; the 

 greatest diameter of the stem 14 feet. The largest trees to be found 

 in the coast-region. Locally of quicker growth than most other 

 pines there. Can be grown very closely, when the stems will attain, 

 according to Drs. Kellogg and Newberry, a height of over 200 feet 

 without a branch. A densely wooded forest will contain about 36 

 full-grown trees to an acre. The timber is fine and clear-grained, 

 heavy, strong, soft, and hence easily worked, yet firm and solid, 

 splendid for masts and spars, ships' planks and piles ; also valuable 

 for flooring, being for that purpose regarded as the best of California 

 [Bolander]. It will bear a tension of 3 to 1 as compared with the 

 Sequoias. It is the strongest wood among conifers on the North- 

 Pacific coast, both in resisting horizontal strain and perpendicular 

 pressure. Sub-alpine localities should be extensively planted with 

 this famous tree. It requires deep and rich soil, and likes shelter ; 

 its growth is as rapid as that of the larch ; it passes in various 

 localities as Black and Red Spruce. Both in clayey and light soil 

 it attains 50 feet in about eighteen years ; it requires however a moist 

 forest-clime for rapid growth. Within late years preferentially chosen 

 among Pines from abroad for the Prussian forests on an extensive 

 scale [Schwappach]. Among all the conifers introduced there this 

 appears destined to take the first place, it being praised wherever 

 grown. The success with this species has been complete even in the 

 north-eastern provinces where the winter-cold is extreme. It thrives 

 everywhere except on peaty swampy soil and in moving sands [C. 

 Bolle]. Was found to grow more quickly than P. Abies. It will 

 also live in the Australian deserts, but is not of rapid growth there. 

 The bark is employed for tanning. 



Pinus echinata, Miller.* (P. mitis, Michaux.) 



Yellow Pine of Eastern North-America, extending to Missouri 

 and Texas, called also Short-leaved Pine, in contrast to P. australis. 

 In dry sandy and more particularly somewhat clayey soil attaining 

 a height of about 90 feet ; eligible for rocky ridges. Wood yellowish, 

 compact, hard, durable, fine-grained, moderately resinous, valuable 

 for flooring, cabinet-work and ship-building, and even for railway- 

 sleepers. Much exported from Florida [G. Damkoehler]. According 

 to Dr. Vasey it commands a higher price even than that of P. Strobus. 



