Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 387 



The seeds are smaller than those of other North-East American true 

 pines, hence easier of transit in quantity [Meehan]. All points 

 taken together probably with P. Cubensis the best pine for future 

 forestry in the Southern States of North- America [Hon. J. Cole- 

 man], an opinion of which advantage should be taken in the Victorian 

 clime. 



Pinus edulis, Engelmann.* 



New Mexico. A pine, not tall, very resinous. Wood easily split. 

 One of the best for fuel [Meehan]. It yields the " Pino"-nuts, which 

 are produced in immense quantities, and are of very pleasant flavor 

 [Sargent]. So closely cognate to P. monophylla that Dr. Newberry 

 and Prof. Meehan regard it as a mere variety. 



Pinus excelsa, Lambert and Wallich. 



The Lofty or Bhotan-Pine. Himalaya, forming large forests, at 

 from 5,000 to 12,500 feet elevation ; also in Macedonia and Monte- 

 negro. A fine tree, at length about 150 feet high, furnishing a 

 valuable, close-grained, soft and easily workable wood, which ranks 

 among Himalayan pine-woods for durability next to Deodar-timber 

 [Stewart and Brandis] ; the wood is highly recommended for patterns 

 in foundries, further for levelling-staves and cot-planks [Watson]. 

 This pine also furnishes a good quantity of turpentine. Under culti- 

 vation it shrinks before a fierce summer-sun [Beecher], but will bear 

 the winter of Christiania [Schuebeler]. Endures the clime of the 

 Murray-desert, but does not grow^quickly there [Henry King], Cones 

 often 15 inches long [Sir J. Hooker]. This tree produces seeds 

 early and copiously ; gets disseminated easily even on steep bare 

 declivities [Brandis]. The wood is called by Mr. Aikin the most 



. compact of any of the whole tribe. 



Pinus firma, Antoine. (Abies Jlrma, Siebold and Zuccarini.) 



Japan, at 2,000 to 4,000 feet above the sea-level in humid valleys. 

 A lofty tree of the habit of the Silver-Fir. Attains an age of 200 

 to 300 years, without any decay of the stem. The best timber 

 comes from the colder regions [Prof. Luerssen]. The wood is pale, 

 soft and fine-grained, employed particularly by local coopers and 

 upholsterers. 



Pinus flexilis, James. 



The White Pine of the Rocky Mountains, also known as the 

 Bull-Pine. From New Mexico to British Columbia, ascending to 

 13,000 feet, therefore to alpine elevations. Prefers the limestone- 

 formation. A valuable fir for cold regions. It attains a height of 

 150 feet, according to Dr. Gibbons, but Mr. J. Hoops states, that it 

 is of slow growth. Stem to 5 feet thick (Sereno Watson). Wood 

 pale, soft and compact, of fine texture, according to Prof. Sargent 

 intermediate between that of P. Strobus and P. Lambertiana. Dr. 

 G. Dawson noted, that the seeds afford food to the autochthones. 



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