Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 393 



63 26' a tree still attained a height of over 70 feet [Professor 

 Schuebeler] . P. L. var. Rossica, the Russian Larch, grows princi- 

 pally on the Altai-Mountains, from 2,500 to 5,500 feet above sea-level. 

 The species would be important for uplands, particularly alpine country, 

 even for peatbogs. 



PillUS leiophylla, Schiede and Deppe. 



At elevations of from 7,000 to 11,000 feet on the mountains of 

 Mexico. A pine, to as much as 90 feet high. A very resinous 

 species, according to Mr. Hugo Finck. The wood is excessively 

 hard. 



Firms leptolepis, Endlicher. (Larix leptolepis, Gordon. ) 



The Karamatsou or Japan-Larch. In Japan, between 35 and 

 48 north-latitude, up to an elevation of 9,000 feet. Never a very 

 tall tree, still occasionally rising to" 100 feet, with a stem-diameter to 

 4 feet. Thrives best in a cool dry climate. The timber is heavy and 

 durable, pale-yellowish with reddish-brown centre, used for ship- 

 and house-building as well as for utensils, but especially sought for 

 underground-work [Prof. Luerssen]. 



Firms longifolia, Roxburgh.* 



Emodi-Pine or Cheer-Pine. On the Himalayan mountains, from 

 2,000 to 9,000 feet. A handsome tree, with a branchless stem for 

 50 feet, the whole tree attaining a maximum-height of somewhat 

 over 100 feet, the girth of the stem 12 feet. Does not like much 

 shade. Growth in height at Port Phillip about 40 feet in 20 years. 

 The wood is resinous, and the red variety useful for building ; it 

 yields a good quantity of tar and turpentine. The branches are used 

 for torches by the rural population of its native country [Dr. Brandis]. 

 The bark is used for tanning and contains also valuable dye-properties 

 [Dr. Gr. Watt]. The tree stands exposure and heat well. The 

 Honorable Winter-Irving found that it endures an occasional shade- 

 temperature of 118 F. 



Firms Massoniana, Lambert and D. Don. 



China. A good-sized pine, with widely spreading ramifications. 

 The wood is durable, and, when well-seasoned, is much employed as 

 material for tea-boxes. The tree endures the winter-cold of Southern 

 Norway [Schuebeler]. Prof. C. Koch regards P. Sinensis (Lambert) 

 as a distinct species. 



Pinus Merkusii, Junghuhn. 



Burmah, Borneo, Sumatra and Philippine Islands, there with P. 



insularis, chiefly at elevations of from 3,000 to 4,000 feet. A tall 

 . pine. The only species of Pinus which extends south of the equator. 



Closely related to P. Massoniana. W^ood exceedingly resinous 



