394 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



[Brandis]; stems valuable for masts and spars, according to Mr. 

 Gamble. Weight of wood about 50 Ibs. per cubic foot. The resin 

 of this pine resembles Dammar [Wiesner] . 



Pinus Mertensiana, Bongard. (Abies Mertensiana, Lindley ; Picea Merten- 

 siana, Gordon.) 



Western Hemlock-Spruce. North-Western America. Of un- 

 usually quick growth, even on poor soil in the cool climes congenial 

 to this tree. The wood is pale, tough and very soft, but is often 

 used for building. This fir gains a height of about 200 feet, with a 

 stem 4 to 6 feet in diameter ; the bark is in great repute for tanning ; 

 the roots yield strong fibre, even for seines and nets; the tender 

 sprigs are the characteristic ingredient required for making spruce- 

 beer locally; the tree yields also much resin [Dr. Kellogg]. Though 

 naturally so tall a tree, it can young be trained and trimmed to the 

 best of garden-hedges of a lovely green [Prof. Bolander]. 



Pinus monophylla, Torrey. 



Stone- or Nut-Pine of California, on the Sierra Nevada and Cas- 

 cade-Mountains, up to 6,500 feet. Never very tall. It thrives best 

 on dry limestone- soil. The large seeds are edible, of almond-like 

 taste, and consumed in quantity by the natives. Height of tree 

 generally about 35 feet, but occasionally as much as 80 feet ; stem 

 not of great thickness. This species is not of quick growth. Wood 

 pale, soft, very resinous, much used for charcoal. 



Pinus montana, Du Hoi. (P. pumilio, Hsenke. ) 



On the Alps, Pyrenees and Carpathians, also in Greece, up to the 

 highest point of woody vegetation, covering large tracts, and thriving 

 on the poorest soil. In Norway it will live to lat. 70 4' [Schuebeler]. 

 This pine grows to about 25 feet high, but in favorable localities 

 to 50 ; it yields much oil of turpentine. The wood is used largely 

 for carving^ Only available to advantage for highlands. The oil, 

 distilled from the foliage of this and many other pines, is a safe 

 anthelmintic [Dr. H. Pinkney]. 



Pinus Montezumse, Lambert. (P. Devoniana, Lindley; P. Grenvillece, 

 Gordon. ) 



Mexico. A handsome pine, to 80 feet high ; wood pale, soft and 

 resinous. Thrives well in Southern Tasmania [F. Abbott]. Cone 

 attaining a length of 15 inches [Dr. Masters]. 



Pinus monticola, Douglas. 



From British Columbia to California, at an elevation of 7,000- 

 10,000 feet. This pine thrives best in poor soil of granite formation, 

 and attains a height of about 200 feet, with a stem often 7 feet thick. 

 The wood is pale, close-grained, similar to that of P. Strobus. 



