Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 401 



with close and twisted grain, and contains much resin ; for fuel, 

 when well-distributed heat is requisite, far surpassing all other 

 Californian woods in value ; yields an abundant supply of excellent 

 turpentine, and thence again by distillation a superior oil [Dr. 

 Kellogg]. The clustered heavy cones attain a length of one foot. 

 The seeds are edible ; they are produced in great profusion, and 

 constituted formerly a large portion of the winter-food of the native 

 tribes. Proves even in dry localities of Victoria to be of quick 

 growth. 



Pinna selenolepis, Parlatore. (Abies Veitchii, Lindley.) 



Japan, up to elevations of 7,000 feet. This fir rises to a height of 

 about 150 feet. It is known also as Veitch's Fir. 



Pinus serotina, Michaux. 



Pond-Pine. Southern States of Eastern North- America, in 

 morassy soil, principally near the sea-coast. It gets about 50 feet 

 high. The wood is soft. Of importance as antimalarian for fever- 

 swamps. Regarded by Prof. Meehan as an extreme form of P. 

 rigida. 



Pinus Sibirica, Turczaninow. (P.Pichta, Fischer; Abies Sibirica, Ledebour.) 

 Siberian Pitch-Fir. Russia, westward to the Volga, eastward to 

 Kamtschatka, ascending the Altai-mountains to 5,000 feet. This 

 pine reaches a height of about 50 feet. 



Pinus silvestris, C. Bauhin.* 



Scotch Pine, Foehre, Kiefer. Europe, Northern and Western 

 Asia, reaching to 70 north-latitude, ascending the Alps to 6,000 

 feet, extending south-eastward to the Black Sea, thriving best in 

 sandy soil. Of all trees the one which needs the least of mineral 

 aliment from the soil ; hence adapted for pure sand, where it forms 

 twice as much humus within the same time as Robinia Pseudacacia 

 or poplars, while its wood is much more valuable. More easily 

 transplanted than any other European species [Wessely] . A very 

 valuable tree, becoming fully 100 feet high, usually growing to an 

 age of about 120 years, but sometimes getting much older; thus a 

 venerable tree at Schandau, blown down by a storm, showed 463 

 annual rings. It is important for masts and spars. The Red 

 Baltic, Norway- or Riga-deals are obtained from this pine, as well as 

 a large portion of the European pine-tar and pitch. The wood is 

 now also largely turned to account in Europe for cellulose, the pure 

 wood-substance for paper-making. It is also like some other pine- 

 woods worked up into wood-fibre for bedding and packing material 

 of elasticity and antiseptic quality. Also used for making lamp- 

 black. A kind of vanillin is prepared from the cambium-sap of this 

 pine. Its cones have come into use for tanning in France. Proves 

 adapted even for the drier parts of Victoria, but here in the lowlands 



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