Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 403 



- ornamental conifers. Of comparatively quick growth, but with little 

 tolerance to drought [Hon. N. J. Colman]. The wood is soft, 

 whitish or yellowish, light, free from knots, almost without resin, 

 easy to work, very durable, and much esteemed for masts, bridges, 

 frames of buildings, windows, ceilings, flooring, oars, cabinet-work 

 and organ-pipes, also much used for matches. Indeed, its use is far 

 more diversified than that of any other tree in North-America 

 [Dawson]. The tree yields American turpentine and galipot. Mr. 

 Cecil Clay cut exceptionally 40,000 feet of its timber on an acre of 

 ground in the Virginian mountains. The sap-wood is remarkably 

 thin. The tree endures the climate of Norway to lat. 61 15' [Prof. 

 Schuebeler]. Maximum-rate of circumferential stem-growth in 

 Nebraska 1\ feet in 12 years [Governor Furnas]. The wood can 

 advantageously be converted into paper-material as an admixture to 

 other substances ; in Europe the wood of P. picea and P. Abies is 

 preferentially used for this purpose. About 20,000 daily or weekly 

 journals exist now in the United States, which use paper either 

 wholly or largely made of wood ["Paper-makers' Monthly Journal" 

 August 1893]. See also in reference to this and other N. Amer. 

 Pines, Michaux and Nuttall's Sylva. 



Pinus Tseda, Linn6. 



Frankincense- or Loblolly-Pine. Florida, Carolina and Virginia* 

 westward to Texas, in moist loamy-sandy soil, attaining a height of 

 about 120 feet. Adapted to a wide range of sites ; light-needing 

 [Farlow]. The timber is liked for pumps, but liable to warp and 

 decay in buildings on exposure [Sargent]. Stems sought for masts. 

 The tree yields turpentine in good quantity, though of inferior 

 quality, and exudes much resin ; it likes regions near the coast ; 

 hence can be well utilised for raising fir-forests on shore-lands, 

 especially as this pine takes readily possession of cleared forest- 



g round, and by quick growth overpowers other young trees [Prof. 

 . Mohr]. 



Pinus tenuifolia, Bentham. 



Mexico, at an elevation of about 5,000 feet, forming dense forests. 

 Height of this pine to nearly 100 feet ; stem to 5 feet in diameter. 



Pinus Teocote, Chamisso and Schlechtendal. 



Okote- or Torch-Pine. Mexico, from 5,000 to 11,000 feet- above 

 the sea-level. Tree often to 150 feet high ; stem to 4 feet in 

 diameter. It yields the Brea -turpentine, from which locally resin 

 and oil of turpentine are obtained ; the wood is remarkably durable. 



Pinus Thunbergii, Parlatore. 



Japan. A tall pine with wide ramifications. Closely cognate to 

 P. Massoniana. The most common of all trees in Japan, called 



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