404 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



there the " Matsu " or " Kouromatsou." It attains a stem-diameter 

 of 6 feet, a height of 100 feet, and reaches an age of several centuries. 

 An individual tree in Nipon was celebrated for its size already 800 

 years ago and is thought to be 1,200 years old ; it still exists by 

 many supports. The stem-diameter at 2 feet above ground is 16 

 feet ; the ramifications have spread diametrically to 240 feet 

 [Professor Wittmack]. It prefers sandy soil. Splendid for avenues 

 [Rein]. It supplies a resinous, tough and durable wood, used for 

 buildings and furniture, but suitable only for indoor-work [Veitch]. 

 The roots, when burned with the oil of Brassica orientalis, furnish 

 the Chinese lamp-black. 



Pinus Torreyana, Parry. 



California. A small coastal Pine, buffeted by the sea-breeze 

 [Prof. Sereno Watson]. Leaves very stout. An average cone of 

 this pine will contain about 130 seeds, weighing 3 ounces ; they are 

 edible [Meehan]. 



!PinuS Tsuga, Antoine. {Abies Tsuga, Siebold and Zuccarini.) 



Northern provinces of Japan, 3,000 to 9,000 feet above the sea. 

 This very hardy spruce-fir grows to a height of over 100 feet. Its 

 timber is durable, tough and dense, used for masts and spars, also for 

 shingles, which will last 30 to 40 years [Matzuno] ; highly esteemed 

 for superior furniture, especially by turners. It is of a yellowish- 

 brown colour. P. Araragi (Siebold) is the oldest name for this 

 species, as pointed out by Prof. C. Koch. 



Pinus Veitchii, McNab. (Abies Veitchii, Carriers : Picea Veitchii, Lindley.) 

 One of the largest trees of Japan, rising to 1 30 feet or more ; 

 reminding of P. nobilis and P. Nordmanniana. It is very little 

 known yet in Europe [Prof. Naudin], 



Pinus ^Webbiana, Wallich. (Abies Webbiana, Lindley.) 



King-Fir, Dye-Fir. Himalaya-mountains, at an elevation of from 

 7,000 to 13,000 feet, extending to Afghanistan. A splendid fir, 

 reaching a height of 150 feet, the stem a circumference of 30 feet. 

 Will bear a good deal of shade [Dr. Brandis]. The wood is pale, soft, 

 cross-grained and very resinous, on the testimony of Mr. Webb some- 

 what similar in texture and odour to that of the Bermuda-Cedar. 

 .The natives extract a splendid violet dye from the cones. The 

 oldest name for this species is P. spectabilis (D. Don) according to 

 Prof. C. Koch. 



PinUS ^Vlllianisonii, Newberry. (Abies Williamsonii, Newberry.) 



California and Oregon, up to 12,000 feet. Height of tree reaching 

 150 feet. Timber very valuable [Yasey]. Many other pines, eastern 

 as well as western, not alluded to on this occasion, are worthy of 



