Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 437 



overlooked regarding its valu.e as a hedge-plant, for which it is 

 preferentially used in the Transvaal. Will grow freely from cuttings. 

 Purposely cultivated in Algeria for walking-sticks [J. R. Jackson]. 

 Passed with very few other plants through years of drought in 

 Central Australia [Rev. H. Kempe]. The bark contains 32 per cent, 

 tannin [Muspratt], and is also used for dyeing the yellow Morocco- 

 leather [Oliver]. The peel of the fruit serves likewise for dye. For 

 anthelmintic purposes particularly the root-bark is administered. 

 Concerning pelletierin and other alkaloids from the root-bark, ample 

 information is given in Husemann's and Hilger's Pflanzenstoffe 

 (1884). The flowers afford one good standard for a normal botanic 

 colour-scale. A second species was discovered by Prof. I. Balfour in 

 Socotra. 



Pycnanthemum incanum, Michaux. 



North-America. A perennial herb, in odor resembling both 

 Pennyroyal and Spearmint. It likes to grow on rocky woodland, 

 and on such it might be easily naturalised. 



Pycnanthemum montanum, Michaux. 



The Mountain-Mint of North-America. A perennial herb of 

 pleasant, aromatic, mint-like taste. These two particular species 

 have been chosen from several North-American kinds to demonstrate, 

 that we may add by their introduction to the variety of our odorous 

 garden-herbs. They may also be subjected with advantage to 

 distillation. 



Pyrularia edulis, Meissner. 



Nepal, Khasia, Sikkim. A large umbrageous tree. The dru- 

 paceous fruit is used by the inhabitants for food. A few other species 

 occur in Upper India, one on the high mountains of Ceylon, and one 

 in North- America. The latter, P. pubera (Michaux), can be utilised 

 for the oil of its nuts. 



Pyrus aucuparia, Gaertner. 



Europe, Northern and Middle Asia, Madeira, occurrring also, but 

 slightly altered in Northern-America. The Rowan and also but 

 inappropriately called the Mountain-Ash. Height seldom over 30 

 feet. Succeeds still where ordinary orchard-culture ceases in coldest 

 regions ; in Iceland even it attains still a height of 30 feet. Wood 

 particularly valuable for machinery and pottery-work also crates. 

 Walking-sticks from this plant slender but strong [J. R. Jackson]. 

 A variety with sweet fruit, discovered in Austria by F. Kraetzl, is a 

 new acquisition. 



