Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 445 



Quercus calliprinos, Webb. 



Eastern Countries at the Mediterranean Sea. To this species 

 belongs the sacred huge Abraham's Oak. 



Quercus Castanea, Nee. 



The Mexican Chestnut-Oak. Evergreen. It furnishes edible 

 acorns. 



Quercus Cerris, Linne\ 



Moss-cupped or Turkey-Oak. Southern Europe, South- Western 

 Asia. Hardy still at Christiania. Of the height of the English oak ; 

 in suitable localities of quick growth. The foliage deciduous or also 

 evergreen or nearly so. The wood available for wheel-wrights, 

 cabinet-makers, turners, coopers, also for builders generally. It is 

 still firmer and harder than that of the British oak ; the sap-wood 

 larger, the heartwood of a more saturated brown, and the large 

 rays more numerous, giving it a most varied and beautiful wainscot- 

 grain [Sir D. Brandis, Prof. C. Koch]. 



Quercus Chinensis, Bunge. 



Northern China. One of the hardiest among the evergreen oaks-. 

 The packing of acorns required to be sent far away should be such 

 as to prevent exsiccation and sweating. Sand proved a very safe 

 packing-material. 



Quercus chrysolepis, Liebmann.* 



The Live-Oak of California. This evergreen oak attains a height 

 of fully 100 feet, with a stem-diameter of 10 feet towards the base ; 

 spread of branches occasionally 150 feet [Prof. Brewer]. Supplies the 

 hardest oak-wood on the Pacific coast. Dr. Gibbons observes that it 

 holds a primary rank among Californian forest-trees, but is of sparse 

 occurrence ; in suitable soil on the sides of mountains it is of giant- 

 growth, spreading out in magnificent proportions. In toughness and 

 density of wood it represents the live-oak of Florida, being thus 

 highly useful to implement-makers, wheelwrights and machinists ; 

 the ivory-like appearance of the wood befits it particularly for 

 inlaying [Dr. Kellogg]. The Californian State-Board for Forestry 

 records that as naval building material the wood has hardly its- 

 equal. 



Quercus coccifera, Linn. 



The deciduous Kermes-Oak of South Europe, North- Africa, and 

 South-Western Asia. So called from the red dye, furnished by the 

 Coccus ilicis from this oak. It also supplies tanners' bark, containing 

 about 8 per cent, tannin [Muspratt], 15 per cent. [T. Christy]. The 

 tree likes rich woodlands. 



