446 Select Plants for Industrial Culture and 



QuercuS COCCinea, Wangenheim.* 



The Black Oak of Eastern North- America. Height to about 100 

 feet ; stem-diameter to 5 feet. Foliage deciduous. Its Autumn tint 

 magnificent. The tree thrives best in rich woodlands and moist soil. 

 The timber is almost as durable as that of the white oak, and in use 

 for flooring and other carpenters' work. Rate of growth about the 

 same as that of the red oak. The yellow- dye, known as quercitron, 

 comes from this tree ; it is much more powerful than that of woad 

 [Bancroft]. With alumina the tinge of the bark is bright yellow, 

 with oxyde of tin it is orange, withoxyde of iron it is drab [Porcher]. 

 Q. velutina (Lamarck) or Q. tinctoria (Bartram) has been called a 

 a variety of this. According to Sargent, it produces timber of close 

 grain and great durability, utilised for carriage-building, cooperage, 

 and various constructions ; the bitter inner bark yields a yellow dye. 

 The bark of the variety called scarlet oak is practically far inferior in 

 value to that of the black oak [Meehan]. Bark contains about 8 per 

 cent, of tannic acid. Dr. Engelmann found the black oaks twice as 

 rapid in growth as the white oaks of the United States. Bartram's 

 oak (Q. heterophylla) is according to him, a hybrid between the 

 willow-oak and scarlet oak. Hybrid oaks produce acorns capable of 

 germination. 



Quercus cornea, Loureiro. 



China. An evergreen tree, at length 40 feet high. Acorns used 

 for food. To this species is closely related O. rotundata ^(Blume) 

 from Java. 



Quercus corrugata, Hooker. 



Mexico. Attains a height of about 80 feet. The acorns are as 

 large as those of Q. Skinneri. 



Quercus cuspidata, Thunberg. 



Japan. A magnificent evergreen oak, grand in its proportions ; 

 bears acorns in bunches or strings, of very sweet taste when baked 

 like chestnuts, but only of small size [F. C. Christy]. These acorns 

 boiled or roasted, are regularly sold in Japan for food [Rein]. 



Quercus cyclophora, Endlicher. 



Malacca and Penang, but not reaching higher elevations than 

 3,000 feet. Noted here as one of the tallest of all oaks, to 150 feet, 

 and as producing acorns fully 1| inches broad. 



Quercus densiflora, Hooker and Arnott.* 



Californian Chestnut-Oak. A large evergreen tree of beautiful 

 outline, dense foliage and compact growth. Stem-diameter finally 

 to 5 feet. Very hardy, having withstood the severest winters at 



