Naturalisation in Extra-Tropical Countries. 447 



Edinburgh with a temperature of F. [Gorlie]. Bark very 

 valuable for tanning, 30,000 cords of bark having been furnished 

 annually ; wood however subject to rapid decay [Prof. Bolander]. 

 For fuller information on West- American oaks refer to Kellogg and 

 and Green's illustrated publications, 1889. 



Quercus dentata, Thunberg.* 



Manchuria, Northern China, Japan. This is one of the species, 

 on which the Oak-silkworm (the Yama May on) lives. Franchet 

 and Savatier enumerate 22 distinct species of oaks as indigenous to 

 Japan. 



Quercus dilatata, Lindley. 



The Moru or Green-Oak. Afghanistan and Himalaya up to 

 9,000 feet ; evergreen ; attains a height of 80 feet. Gregarious, 

 therefore likely naturalised with facility. Wood durable, locally 

 used for building, implements, jampan-poles and other requisites 

 [Gamble]. Foliage extensively lopped for fodder of cattle, sheep and 

 goats. The last remark applies also to Q. lanuginosa (D. Don) of 

 Nepal. 



Quercus Douglas!!, Hooker and Arnott. 



The Blue Oak of California. Stem reaching 9 feet in circum- 

 ference [Brewer]. Resembles the white oak in the quality of its 

 timber, its wood being particularly used in wheelwrights' work. 



Quercus falcata, Michaux. 



South-Eastern States of North- America. Known as Spanish Oak. 

 A tree, attaining a height of 80 feet, with a stem 5 feet in diameter. 

 Foliage deciduous. It lives in dry sandy ground, and can also be 

 utilised for sea-coasts. Produces an excellent tanners' bark, and 

 also galls for superior ink. The wood is finer grained and more 

 durable than that of Q. rubra, and used for staves, railway-carriages 

 and in ship-building [C. Mohr]. Prof. C. Koch points out, that 

 Q. cuneata (Wangeuheim) is the oldest name for this species. 



Quercus G-arryana, Douglas. 



North- Western America, along the coast between the 38th and 

 50th degrees. The only species in Oregon and British Columbia 

 [S. Watson]. A tree, to 100 feet high or more, with a stem often 

 6 feet in diameter. This, with Q. Douglasii and Q. lobata, passes 

 as Calif ornian White Oak. The timber is remarkably pale for an 

 oak, hard and fine-grained, of great strength and durability, well 



